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Home>Products>Journal and Reviews>I.RE.A.CO.>Latest issue International Review of Automatic Control (Theory and Applications) - July 2009 - Papers
International Review of Automatic Control - Papers
Vol. 2. n. 4, pp. 366-371
Abstract - Soft computing methods in combination with effective predictive control methods is a promising approach in research of non-linear systems. In this paper, a novel methodology is proposed for modeling and control of a class of nonlinear systems using Matlab-Simulink. The non-linear system is modeled using the so-called fuzzy Hammerstein model and a Generalized Predictive Control (GPC) algorithm based control strategy is applied. The main objective of the proposed approach was derivation of an effective procedure for identification and control of highly non-linear processes using fuzzy sets methodology with modified predictive GPC control techniques. The proposed algorithm was verified on many practical problems from industries including power systems, chemical processes and biotechnological plants. In this paper one chosen application is demonstrated. Simulation of the isothermal reactor proves effectiveness of the proposed modeling and control approach. Copyright © 2009 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved
Keywords: Fuzzy, fuzzy logic, non-linear systems, Hammerstein models, Matlab-Simulink.
Vol. 2. n. 4, pp. 372-375
Abstract - System identification is a mathematical technique that allows us to build a model of a system, having only measured data. System identification is about combining physical and engineering modeling with experimental information, and is thus of fundamental importance in taking advantage of the progress in the whole field of information and control systems. This paper presents a mathematical algorithm to do system identification. This algorithm is explained in detail, with validation of the model. The results are demonstrated and conclusions are given. Copyright © 2009 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved
Keywords: System identification, Non-linear systems, Linear filters, Mathematical algorithms.
by P. Hasanpor Divshali, S. H Hosseinian, E. Nasr Azadani, B.Vahidi Vol. 2. n. 4, pp. 376-383
Abstract - This paper presents a methodology to design a controller for power systems that is capable of modifying the Hopf Bifurcation (HB) characteristic and delaying existing HB. In order to make a delay on HB occurrence in the power system, optimal placement of controller, appropriate choice of control input signal and optimal regulation of controller parameter are necessary. In conventional ways, optimal placement and appropriate choice of input signal are based on calculation of Participation Factor (PF), controllability and observability of the critical mode (eigenvalue with the largest real part) of the power system. Because of nonlinear characteristic of power systems, variation in consummation and generation power lead to change in critical mode. Therefore controllers that are designed by these ways do not have optimal performance in all load condition. In this paper a new approach based on application of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) which uses the Dynamic Loading Margin (DLM) as the fitness function to determine optimal placement, appropriate choice of input signal and the best regulation of controller parameters is proposed. Copyright © 2009 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved
Keywords: Dynamic Loading Margin (DLM), FACTS controller, Hopf Bifurcation (HB), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Power system oscillation, PSS, SVC.
Vol. 2. n. 4, pp. 384-389
Abstract - In this paper, a reduced-order observer controller is proposed to solve the sub-synchronous resonance phenomenon in the second benchmark model. In the practical environment (real world), access to all of the state variables of system is limited and measuring all of them is also impossible. So when we have fewer sensors available than the number of states or it may be undesirable, expensive, or impossible to directly measure all of the states, using a reduced-order observer is proposed. A proposed design, which is presented in this paper, has been developed in order to over-come this problem. The proposed strategy is tested on second benchmark model and compared with the optimal full-state feedback method by means of simulation. It is shown that this method creates a suitable estimate with good accuracy for all of states that they are not accessible. The proposed method is applied to the IEEE Second Benchmark system for sub-synchronous resonance studies and the results are verified based on comparison with those obtained from digital computer simulation by MATLAB. Copyright © 2009 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved
Keywords: Sub-synchronous resonance, Sub-synchronous oscillations, Reduced-Order Observer, Optimal Full State Feedback.
Vol. 2. n. 4, pp. 390-396
Abstract - This paper discusses the development of a controller for a VSC (Voltage Source Converter) electrical power transmission system, with fast operation and good stability. A primary loop provides fast feedback control of the DC inverter side voltage. Multivariable interaction index analysis of condition number, rather than traditional root locus and step response methods, is used to select the input/output combination for a stabilising feedback loop built to improve performance. The input/output combinations are tested using MATLAB and the results are verified using PSCAD: results are comparable with those found using traditional analysis. Copyright © 2009 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved
Keywords: Multivariable Control, Condition Number, Stability, RGA, PRGA, Interaction Measure.
Vol. 2. n. 4, pp. 397-401
Abstract - This paper presents the performance of the fuzzy logic application on three-phase shunt active power filter (APF). This active filter can compensate current harmonics and reactive power generated from the three- phase rectifier. The structure of the active filter is based on a classical voltage inverter controlled by Pulse width modulation (PWM) technique and on the method of instantaneous active and reactive power which is used for the identification of the reference currents. The simulated results in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment of the APF are presented to validate the functionality of the proposed control scheme. The best fuzzy controller performances are proved comparing the results obtained with classical corrector and with fuzzy controller. Copyright © 2009 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved
Keywords: Fuzzy logic control, Harmonic compensation, PWM technique, Shunt active filter, Total harmonic distortion (THD).
Vol. 2. n. 4, pp. 402-414
Abstract - This paper describes an average model of Indirect Matrix Converter (IMC) with an output LC filter in stationary and rotating reference frames. The developed model is non-linear and should be linearized in order to design linear controllers. In order to make the IMC applicable for power conditioner applications a synchronous controller based on pole placement technique is designed. A power conditioner acts in one or more ways to deliver a voltage of the proper level and characteristics to enable load equipment to function properly. In order to afford the power conditioner requirements the controller has two segments. One segment controls the IMC with balanced input supply voltage and the other controls the system with unbalanced input supply voltage. The system can provide balanced output voltages with slight distortion of line side currents. Theory analyses, the model validation and simulation results are presented to verify the effectiveness of this control method. Copyright © 2009 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved
Keywords: Average Model, Indirect Matrix Converter, Power Conditioner, Pole Placement.
Vol. 2. n. 4, pp. 415-422
Abstract - In this paper, the H∞ control approach is used to design and apply a robust controller to a DC drive supplied by an AC-DC power converter. The H∞ mixed sensitivity design based on three-block criterion is adopted to improve performance and robustness specifications in term of tracking, control signal moderation and robust stability. Based on a PCI-1710 multi-function data acquisition board, the proposed H∞ controller algorithm is successfully implemented. Both hardware and software control developments are presented. Copyright © 2009 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved
Keywords: H∞ control, DC drive, AC-DC power converter, Real-time implementation, PCI-1710 board.
Vol. 2. n. 4, pp. 423-429
Abstract - In this paper, a novel direct torque neuro-fuzzy control scheme combining with space voltage modulation technique of a three phase inverter is presented. Using neuro-fuzzy technique, the reference space voltage vector can be obtained dynamically in terms of torque and stator flux errors and the angle of stator flux, the torque reference is generated by PI type fuzzy logic control. Compared with conventional direct torque control, in this new technique, the ripples of both torque and flux are reduced remarkable, and switching frequency is maintained constant. Simulation results verify the validity of the proposed method. Copyright © 2009 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved
Keywords: Induction motor, Direct torque control, Fuzzy logic control, Three phase inverter, Neuro-fuzzy, Space Vector Modulation.
Vol. 2. n. 4, pp. 430-435
Abstract - In this paper, a new approach of control with a variable gain PI regulator is presented. The use of PI for speed control of induction machine drives is characterized by an overshoot during tracking mode and a poor load disturbance rejection. This is mainly caused by the fact that the PI controller gains cannot be set to overcome overshoot and load disturbance rejection problems simultaneously. Overshoot elimination setting give very poor load disturbance rejection, and rapid load disturbance rejection setting give high overshoot or even unstable systems. To overcome this problem we propose the use of variable gains PI controllers. Each gain value of the proposed controller vary along an appropriate polynomial curve from a start up setting that permits overshoot elimination, to a permanent mode setting that permits a rapid load disturbance rejection. Copyright © 2009 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved
Keywords: Induction motor, Indirect field oriented control, Variable gain PI controller, Speed control, Robust controller.
Vol. 2. n. 4, pp. 436-444
Abstract - This paper describes the use of PI controller using fuzzy Gains Scheduling and genetic algorithm (adaptive FLC-PI-GA) to control the speed of a three-phase induction motor. First, fuzzy logic controller is used to adjust on line the controller parameters. However, the fuzzy control rules are always built by designers with trial and error. We propose an optimization technique of adaptive FLC-PI using genetic algorithm (GA). GA is used for determination of the different controller parameters due to their fast convergence and their reasonable accuracy. The effectiveness of the complete proposed control scheme is verified by numerical simulation. The results of simulation showed that (adaptive FLC-PI-GA) presents better performances compared to the (adaptive FLC-PI). Copyright © 2009 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved
Keywords: Induction Motor (IM), Controller PI, Fuzzy logic, Gain scheduling. Genetic algorithm (GA).
Vol. 2. n. 4, pp. 445-451
Abstract - In this paper, optimal concurrent design of drive train components and fuzzy power split unit for a parallel hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) is proposed. The goal is to design a low cost propulsion system with enhanced performance, emissions, fuel economy, efficiency, and components life time. An adaptive fuzzy power management strategy is introduced to move the operating points of ICE based on the hybridization factor. Colonial Competitive Algorithm, which is a single objective optimization tool, and multi objective Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II (NSGA-II) are utilized as the optimization tools. Optimization of fuel consumption, air pollution, operating cost of internal combustion engine, battery, electric motor, and also battery life time, are the main objectives, subject to the constraints of vehicle performance. Optimal power rating of internal combustion engine, electric motor, and battery in addition to the fuzzy power split tuning parameter, are to be determined. For this purpose, an optimization loop is developed for the design process. The designed drive trains performances are discussed over representative drive cycles. Copyright © 2009 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved
Keywords: Hybrid Electric Vehicle, Multi-Objective Optimization, Colonial Competitive Algorithm, Adaptive Fuzzy Controller.
Vol. 2. n. 4, pp. 452-458
Abstract - This paper presents and compares two novel hybrid control algorithms applicable to the conventional capacitive MEMS accelerometer. These schemes are realized by separately adding a sliding-mode and a backstepping controller to a conventional PID closed loop system to achieve higher stability and higher dynamic range and to prevent pull-in phenomena by preventing finger displacement from passing a maximum preset value, a criteria which is necessary for a shock resistance system. The analysis of convergence and resolution show that while the proposed control schemes satisfy these criteria they also keep resolution performance better than what is normally obtained in conventional PID controllers. The performance of the two proposed hybrid controllers investigated here is compared and validated by computer simulation. Copyright © 2009 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved
Keywords: Sliding-mode controller, Backstepping controller, Closed loop control, MEMS accelerometer, PID controller.
Vol. 2. n. 4, pp. 459-568
Abstract - Torsional oscillations due to rotor dynamic are very important in power system dynamic analysis. The major problem in torsional oscillation in flexible system is the result of connecting a load to motor with long axis. A simple model of this sample mechanical resonant system is a two-mass system such as industrial motor drives. In this paper PID, PID_P and modify PID controllers is applied in order to control torque of a two-mass system. The pole-placement controller such as coefficient diagram method (CDM) and integral of time multipied by absolute error (ITAE) is used to assign closed-loop poles of the system characteristic equation. A complete state-space mathematical model for two-mass resonant system is first developed and behavior dynamic appointment roots locus of characteristic equation is analyzed. The dynamic analysis is verified by transfer function simulation using Matlab and time domain simulation of the two-mass system. Finally, advantages of the proposed design method are demonstrated in the cases of torque control and corresponding results are compared. Copyright © 2009 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved
Keywords: Two-mass system, Simulation and design, PID controller, Coefficient diagram method.
Vol. 2. n. 4, pp. 569-475
Abstract - This paper presents an alternative for electrical energy saving in the classrooms, by applying an automatic lighting control system. By using daylighting control, this system offers visual comfort inside these rooms (according to standard IEC-12464). Three lighting different systems were compared: a conventional system, a system with a schedule control (automatic on-off), and a system with an automatic daylighting control (based on fuzzy logic). Using the system with a schedule control as a reference, test and simulations results showed that with the automatic dimming control system not only is wasted energy reduced, but also usual consumption decrease by more than 50%. Such a system may serve as a platform to be used throughout the Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro. Copyright © 2009 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved
Keywords: Energy savings, Lighting control, Visual comfort, fuzzy logic, Intelligent building.
Vol. 2. n. 4, pp. 476-480
Abstract - Scheduling problems occur in many economic fields such as manufacturing, logistics, management, computer sciences, and so on … This paper studies the solutions suggested for the flexibility and robustness of a manufacturing scheduling problem - known in literature as the Cyclic Hoist Scheduling Problem (CHSP). Electroplating lines is a branch stemming from this class of problems where automatic hoist is used for moving electroplates through chemical baths. After a brief state of the art and a problem description, an example is adopted for the study of the robustness of a solution for a two-degree cyclic scheduling problem. Then, the flexibility of the solutions and their impact on the cycle time is presented. Copyright © 2009 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved
Keywords: Robustness, Flexibility, Scheduling, Time Windows.
Vol. 2. n. 4, pp. 481-489
Abstract - This paper presents a fuzzy flatness control of a container crane based on the Lie-Bäcklund approach to equivalence and differential flatness. The robustness of the developed control law is studied by using fuzzy logic systems when the value of the load mass changes. A dynamical model of a container crane is derived by using Lagrange's equations associated with geometrical constraints between generalized coordinates. This approach provides an original way to show differential flatness for this system. In this work there are two major concerns in the control of the container crane. First, the differential flatness control law must drive the container crane system output to track the desired trajectory. Second, the aim of the suggested fuzzy logic system is to guarantee the robustness of this control law against variations of container load. Copyright © 2009 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved
Keywords: Nonlinear system, Differential flatness, Robustness, Fuzzy logic, Trajectory tracking.
Vol. 2. n. 4, pp. 490-496
Abstract - Ionic Polymer Metal Composites (IPMC) are a kind of Electro Active Polymers, capable of changing electrical energy to mechanical energy and vice versa. Their low working voltage and large bending deflection are their exceptional characteristics and undoubtedly the most important reasons of the fast extension of the novel applications of these smart composites. In this paper, the application of IPMC materials in active vibration control of continuous systems has been investigated. A two-layer cantilever beam with an IPMC layer and an Aluminum layer has been numerically constructed. The dynamic characteristics of the IPMC layer are modeled using finite element formulation. Having the dynamic response of the beam, the controllability of vibrations has been evaluated by adding a PID controller into the system. The results presented herein demonstrate that the unwanted vibrations can be suppressed by using an IPMC constraining layer. Copyright © 2009 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved
Keywords: : IPMC, FEM, Vibration control, Electro Active Polymer.
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