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International Review
on Computers and Software - Papers
 Stabilization
of Decision Threshold for BER Improvement Using Double Carrier
Modulation/Differential Detection for Outdoor Optical Wireless Communications
by Salasiah Hitam,
Mohd Khazani Abdullah, Wan Azizun Wan Adnan, Ratna Kalos Zakiah Sahbuddin
Abstract -
A new transmission and
detection technique namely Double Carrier Modulation/Differential
Detection (DCM/Diff.D) for outdoor optical wireless (OW) is proposed.
The technique employs two beams, one modulated with the data, the other
with the inverted version of the same data. A differential detection
technique is used at the receiver whereby the inverted data are used as
the reference to perform the decision making, as opposed to the fixed
threshold used in conventional technique. The probability of error under
threshold instability in DCM/Diff.D technique and Intensity Modulation/Direct
Detection (IM/DD) technique, is compared. A simulation under heavy
rainfall condition of 8.33x10-4 cm/sec at bit rate of 2.5 Gbps with 0
dBm of optical transmitter power shows that this technique achieves an
improvement of more then twice of distance of the conventional IM/DD.
Copyright © 2009 Praise
Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved
Keywords:
Differential detection, Intensity modulation direct detection,
Optical wireless communications, Non-selective scattering, Probability
of error.
A
Cross-Layer Design Approach to Achieve Energy Saving and Low Latency in
MAC Layer for Delay Sensitive Wireless Sensor Network Applications
by Kechar
Bouabdellah, Sekhri Larbi, Rahmouni Mustapha Kamel
Abstract -
Cross-layer design and optimization is a new technique which can be used
to design and improve the performance in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN).
In this paper, we propose a Cross-Layer Medium Access Control (CL-MAC)
protocol by interacting two adjacent layers (MAC and Network) to
decrease considerably the energy consumption and to improve the latency
in order to deliver a delay sensitive traffic in WSN. The basic idea
behind our proposal is to wake-up only nodes included into a routing
path from the source node to a common destination (base station or Sink)
by exploiting routing information, while all nodes of the neighborhood
stay in the sleep mode as long as possible. We have performed simulation
studies and compared our protocol with existing similar MAC protocols.
From our results, CL-MAC appears as a best solution in terms of saving
energy and reducing latency, and suitable for use in delay sensitive
wireless sensor network applications.
Copyright © 2009 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. -
All rights reserved
Keywords:
Wireless Sensor Networks, Cross-layer design and optimization, MAC
Protocol, Energy saving, Simulation steady.
Evolution
Of New Searching Technique In Unicast Routing Algorithm Of Data Networks
by S.
Anuradha, G. Raghu Ram, K. E. Sreenivasa murthy, V. Raghunath Reddy, B.
Sathyanarayana
Abstract - We
provide an overview of the evolution of routing from its origins, to
recent algorithms that provide some Quality of Service, focusing on
unicast distributed routing algorithms. We start our scheme with Depth
first search technique(DFS),Breadth first search (BFS), Explained how
the key points of DFS and BFS given rise to design DB routing(Depth
wise, Breadth wise searching technique) an optimizing routing algorithm
and finally compare the performance of DB routing with Dijkstra's
algorithm as bench mark.
Copyright © 2009 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. -
All rights reserved
Keywords:
DFS technique, BFS technique, DB technique, Search tree, Grid
topology, Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), Positive feedback .
Petri
Nets for Modelling and Decomposition of Metabolic Network
by
Hafida Raaf, Saïd Abdeddaïm, Belhadri Messabih
Abstract - One model
to present the metabolic networks is defined. This model based on Petri
Nets (PNs), represents the metabolic network in qualitative manner and
offers an appropriate expression to the structural analysis. The related
previous works consist in using the PNs for simulating. A detailed
qualitative analysis should be done before a quantitative (kinetic)
analysis is made. This paper firstly extend construction strategy of
Petri net model in considering data types in places( internal or
external metabolite) and the types of transitions(reversible or
irreversible reaction) to allow pathway analysis. Secondly, as pathway
analysis of large metabolic networks meets with the problem of
combinatorial explosion of pathways we propose to deconstruct metabolic
networks into subnetworks based on the global network structure. So we
propose to use a centrality measure based on shortest paths linking. To
do this we give a new definition of reactions graph as a depending
graph.
Copyright © 2009 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. -
All rights reserved
Keywords:
Metabolic network, Stoichiometric structure analysis, Elementary
modes, Petri nets and invariants, Depending graph.
by F. Boukadida,
N. Ellouze
Abstract - We
present in this paper our methodology and results of analyzing
intonation and duration designed for the Arabic Text-to-Speech system.
Our aim is to model the intonation and duration patterns of natural
speech to improve intelligibility of the synthetic voice.
Accurate intonation modeling has become a vital part of Text To Speech
Synthesis systems. This is especially true for the Arabic language,
where the intonation of an utterance influences naturalness of the
synthetic voice and may change its semantics. The F0 curves is
combination of a macroprosodic component reflecting the speaker's choice
of intonation pattern and a microprosodic component which is entirely
dependent on the choice of phonemes in the utterance. To extract these
components we broke down into two stages:
1) Stylization (phonetic stage), i.e. the replacement of the F0 curve by
a simpler numerical function conserving the original macroprosodic
information;
2) Symbolic coding (phonological stage), i.e. the representation by
means of an alphabet of symbols, reducing the stylized curve to a
sequence of discrete categories, that can be used to re-generate a curve
which, unlike the perceptually identical version may be distinguishable
from the original one.
For modeling the duration parameter we have studied effects of phone
identity and contextual factors (surrounding phones identities, syllabic
structure, accentuation, position in the word) on durations of vowels,
consonants and ranked the effects of all factors on them using the
Sum-of-Products model.
Copyright © 2009 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. -
All rights reserved
Keywords:
Text-to-Speech System (TTS), Prosody, Intonation, Fundamental
frequency, Duration, Pitch, Phonetic, Phonology.
Improved
Feature Data for Robust Speaker Identification using Hybrid Gaussian Mixture
Models - Sequential Minimal Optimization System
by S. Zribi
Boujelbene, D. Ben Ayed Mezghani, N. Ellouze
Abstract - In this
paper, we present an improved feature data for robust text independent
speaker identification, where the Gaussian mixture models (GMM) and
Sequential Minimal Optimization (SMO) method have been used together to
form a hybrid system with improved performance. GMM is used for
modelling the features database and SMO training Support Vector Machines
(SVM) is used for handling the decision making task. Features are
presented by two selective data extracted from TIMIT corpus: Data(1) is
characterized by eight different sentences pronounced by female and male
speakers; whereas Data(2) is characterized by the "sa1" and "sa2"
sentences added to the eight sentences of Data(1) pronounced also by all
female and male speakers. Each data is presented by the concatenation of
the Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC), the energy, the first
and the second derivatives (Delta and Delta-Delta) coefficients. Our
results prove that Data(1) report improvements of 6,38% compared to
Data(2).
Copyright © 2009 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. -
All rights reserved
Keywords:
Expectation Maximization, Gaussian Mixture Model, Sequential
Minimal Optimization, Speaker Identification, Support Vector Machines.
Template
Protection and Performance Improvement of Biometric Authentication
Systems Using Watermarking
by
Ghazaleh Sarbishaei, Saied Hosseini Khayat
Abstract - A new
technique for performance improvement of fingerprint-based user
authentication systems is proposed. This technique uses fragile
watermarking to hide the extracted feature vector of the fingerprint
image in the stored database. The results of watermark detection process
and fingerprint matching are combined using Dampster-Shafer combination
theory to improve the user authentication performance. This fragile
watermarking algorithm is also used to protect the database from
tampering. A robust watermarking algorithm is also presented to protect
the authentication system against replay attacks.
Copyright © 2009 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. -
All rights reserved
Keywords:
Watermarking, DWT, User authentication, Combination theory.
A
Robust Image Watermarking Based on the Empirical Mode Decomposition
by A. Sabri, M.
Karoud, H. Tairi, A.Aarab
Abstract - With the
increasing amount of digital data sharing tools due to the growth of the
internet; thing that increased the availability of images to the
internet users; frauds are multiplied which accentuated the need to find
robust marking techniques for digital data protection. Researches prove
that watermarking is a valid solution for such a need. Here, we propose
a robust watermarking technique based on the BEMD (Bidimensional
Empirical Mode Decomposition) where an additive watermarking scheme is
applied to each IMF (Intrinsic Mode Function) obtained by the BEMD and
the watermark is a binary matrix differently ponderated for each one of
the four first IMFs. The use of the BEMD in watermarking is motivated by
the fact that it has better quality than Fourier, Wavelet and other
decomposition techniques in extracting intrinsic components because of
its fully data driven property, and this decomposition is also proven as
a very powerful tool for multi-scale analysis of non stationary and non
linear signals and also by the characteristics of the IMF. All this mean
that, our method can be applied to any image. Experimentation has
ensured the mark invisibility, the facility of detection of the mark and
the robustness against different kinds of attacks.
Copyright © 2009 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. -
All rights reserved
Keywords:
BEMD, Intrinsic Mode Functions, Watermarking, Watermarking scheme,
robustness, Watermark invisibility, Watermarking attacks, Robustness.
Novel
Approach for Mass Detection in a Mammographic Computer-Aided System
by A. Melouah, F.
H. Merouani
Abstract -
X-ray images of the breast must be carefully evaluated to identify early
signs of cancerous growth. Mass lesion detection is a challenging task,
and in order to help radiologists in their identification, computer
aided systems have been introduced. The purpose of this paper is to
present a novel approach for mass detection in a mammographic
computer-aided system. The proposed approach is based on the intensity
specification to segment the image and to put into evidence the
suspicious parts. The detection process tries to get progressively close
to the suspicious region through different ranges of scales. Although
different algorithms have been proposed for such task, most of them are
application dependent. The suggested approach begins with a
pre-processing step followed by sequence of: segmentation, features
extraction and classification. This approach is particular for two
reasons: first, a new segmentation strategy based on competition
scenario is suggested; secondly, detection is performed from the
coarsest segmentation to the finest segmentation using a binary tree
classifier. The proposed method was applied to a series of images from
the Digital Database for Screening. Preliminary results are promising; a
large study using more cases is currently in progress.
Copyright © 2009 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. -
All rights reserved
Keywords:
Binary tree classifier, Computer aided detection, Features extraction,
Mammogram, Mass, Segmentation.
Bridging
MDA and OWL for Workflow Interoperability
by Hamri Salah
Abstract - Ontology
Web Language (OWL) and Model Driven Architecture (MDA) are two
technologies being developed in parallel, by different communities.
However, we can approach them for semantic interoperability. As we
consider Workflow as a support for business activities and it is
necessary to take into account the knowledge context of these
activities. Use of ontologies is one the ways to consider this kind of
knowledge. In this paper, we present an approach to build an OWL
ontology Workflow. We firstly define a common Workflow meta-model using
Meta-Object-Facility (MOF). It gathers all the common concepts that are
generic and shared by the most Workflow models and it defines their
semantics. These concepts (activity, resource, etc.) are extracted from
different formalisms used in the field of business process (or
Workflow). Then, we translate it into an Ontology Definition Meta-model
(ODM) based on MOF and use the main OWL concepts and subsequently, from
ODM to OWL meta-model, which is also a MOF-compliant and is based on the
Web Ontology Language (OWL). Finally, we mainly focus on OWL DL
(Description language) that provides the leading ontological tool
Protégé OWL Plugin for the generation of an OWL ontology Workflow.
Copyright © 2009 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. -
All rights reserved
Keywords:
Interoperability, Workflow, Model Driven Architecture, Ontology,
Ontology Web Language.
DIMA-RTMaude:
A Formal Framework for Specifying DIMA Multi-Agents’ Real Time Aspects
by Farid Mokhati,
Hamza Merouani, M.Amine Laouadi, Toufik Marir
Abstract - DIMA (Développement
et Implémentation de systèmes Multi-Agents) multi-agent applications
have been developed without regarding software development process.
Formal specification and verification play a primordial role during the
development of multi-agent applications. They allow producing systems of
high quality. We present in this paper, a formal framework called
DIMA-RTMaude, supporting the formal specification of DIMA communicating
agents’ behavior while taking into account their real time constraints.
The agents’ meta-behavior is described using an ATN (Augmented
Transition Network). Developed using Real-Time Maude, DIMA-RTMaude
represents, in fact, an extension of the framework DIMA-Maude presented
in [7], by introducing multi-agents’ real time aspects. Based on the
rewriting logic, RT-Maude is a high level formal language that offers a
great power of expressivity and numerous techniques allowing the
specification, the validation and the verification of real-time
multi-agent systems. The proposed approach essentially allows: (1)
specifying formally DIMA communicating agents’ behavior while taking
into account real time constraints, (2) validating by simulation the
described system’s behavior, and (3) providing a sound description for
verifying such a system. A case study is presented to illustrate the
proposed approach.
Copyright © 2009 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. -
All rights reserved
Keywords:
Formal Specification, DIMA, ATN, Rewriting logic, Real-Time Maude,
Real Time constraints, Validation by simulation.
ARGDIAL: an Argumentation Based Dialogue in Multi Agent Systems
by Tahar Guerram,
Zaidi Sahnoun, Farid Mokhati
Abstract -
Interaction is an important aspect of a multi agent system. When the
information available to the agents about their selves and about their
environment is uncertain and incomplete, this may create conflict in
their interaction. In this case, the agents could achieve their goals by
interacting using argumentation. In addition to the aptitudes of a
traditional agent, an argumentative agent must be able to evaluate,
generate and select arguments. An argumentation based dialogue is a non
monotonic style of reasoning because the agents are brought to update
their mental states when the interaction terminates. In this paper, we
propose a request for action dialogue protocol between two cognitive
agents having the ability of arguing. In order to analyze and validate
the proposed dialogue protocol, we have developed a formal framework
using the formal and object-oriented language Maude. The Maude
descriptions, generated in the context of the developed framework, have
been validated using the platform supporting the Maude language.
Copyright © 2009 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. -
All rights reserved
Keywords:
Multi agent systems, interaction, argumentation, reasoning.
The
Implementation of Software Process Improvement Models
by Shukor Sanim M.
Fauzi , M. Hairul Nizam M. Nasir, Nuraminah R., Kamaruzaman Jusoff,
N. Azylia A. Azam, M. Hafiz Ismail
Abstract - This
research attempts to identify and analyze the extent of Capability
Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) and other associated process model or
frameworks in Malaysian organizations. There is a number of studies have
been conducted on software process improvement by using above models and
methodologies in other continents such as Europe, Australia, New Zealand
and North America. However, there is still lack of published studies on
software process improvement or software best practices in Southeast
Asia, especially Malaysia itself. Surveys in Malaysian software
organizations which have an experience in initiating and conducting
software process improvement initiative have been done. The surveys were
conducted by using paper survey and also online survey. Two different
type of survey was conducted because of the different risk or constraint
of cost, time, and distance can be overcome. There were 20 respondents
involved in this research. Most of the respondents were professionals
who are directly involved in SPI initiative. In the data analysis, the
respondents are characterized according to the attribution of weight to
their answers. We found that the IT Malaysian organizations are
employing CMMI, Prince 2, PMBOK and also Six Sigma. This study shows
that Malaysian organizations have already take an initiative to adopt
software process improvement models in their organization.
Copyright © 2009 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. -
All rights reserved
Keywords:
Software Process Improvement, Capability Maturity Model Integration,
Software process, Software Quality.
From
Software Architecture to UML Class Diagrams
by Myriam
Noureddine
Abstract -
This article deals with a translation of software architecture into an
UML model according to class diagrams. The UML model is obtained through
two sequential steps: the first one builds software architecture and the
second one translates this software architecture into an UML model. We
describe the principle of building process and the translation rules. In
order to validate our proposal, the methodology is applied for the
conception of a juridical documentary base.
Copyright © 2009 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. -
All rights reserved
Keywords:
Software Architecture, Translation rules, UML Class Diagrams.
Closed
Circle Internet E-Payment System Schema
by Khalid Khanfar,
Asim El Shaikh, Ismail Alazzah, Alla’ Aldeen Alqousini
Abstract -
Electronic Business greatly needs new payment systems that will support
its further development. This Paper discusses the existing e-payment
systems and their strength, weakness, and discusses the characteristics
of a successful e-payment system. Then it proposes an E-payment system
schema that covers weaknesses and makes use of strengths. The proposed
schema depends on the Closed Circle method. This method makes the
payment system more secured, and general. Also it leads to the
disappearance of third party.
Copyright © 2009 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. -
All rights reserved
Keywords:
Closed Circle, E-Business E-Commerce, E-Payment, Security Schema.
Delay
Analysis of Pipeline FFT Processors
by S. Reza.
Talebiyan, Saied Hosseini-Khayat
Abstract - Pipeline
FFT processors are used in mobile communication systems and in
particular in OFDM-based systems. This paper presents a method for delay
analysis of pipeline FFT processors. This method applies to various
architectures with different radices. This analysis leads to selection
of high speed pipeline FFT processors.
Copyright © 2009 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. -
All rights reserved
Keywords:
Pipeline FFT Processor; Delay Analysis.
Code
Mobility Modelling: A Formal Study
by L. Kahloul, A.
Chaoui, K.Djouani
Abstract - Formal
Specification of mobile systems is one of the active domains, currently.
Various models are proposed in the literature. Every proposed model
tries to deal with some aspect of mobile systems. In our previous works,
we have proposed a new formalism: “Labeled Reconfigurable Nets”,
extended after to “Coloured Reconfigurable Nets”. We have presented how
these models can be used to model different kinds and aspects of mobile
systems. The present work has three objectives. Firstly, we deal with
the formal semantics of this model. We try to give the natural
operational semantics of the reconfigurable aspect of the model through
an abstract machine where the reconfiguration is viewed as a
substitution over algebraic vectors. Secondly, we show how this
formalism can be encoded in Coloured Petri Net. Finally, we treat
multi-hops mobility, and we view how the proposed model can be used to
specify such kind of mobility.
Copyright © 2009 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. -
All rights reserved
Keywords:
Mobile Code, Coloured Reconfigurable Net, Formal operational
semantics, Multi-hops Mobility.
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