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International Review of Electrical Engineering - August 2006 - Papers

Electromagnetic Coupling - EMC of Electrical Systems (Part II), by I. Kováčová, D. Kováč
Hybrid Power Transfer Allocation Methodologies for Deregulated Power Systems, by M. W. Mustafa, H. Shareef
Using Fuzzy Arithmetic for Power Flow Analysis with Uncertainty, by C. Tranchita, N. Hadjsaid, A. Torres
Fuel Cell Hybrid Vehicles: Global Optimization Based on Optimal Control Theory, by J. Bernard, S. Delprat, F. N. Büchi, T. M. Guerra
Modeling and Simulation Tool of a Dual Power Energy System for Hybrid Vehicle Design, by K. El Kadri, A. Berthon
Reliability and Availability Modelling of Uninterruptible Power Supply Systems Using Monte-Carlo Simulation, by M. K. Rahmat, S. Jovanovic, K. L. Lo
A Compact High-Frequency Link Inverter for UPS Application, by Z. Salam, S. M. Ayob, L. S. Toh
Highest Dynamics and Ultra Fast Start-Up of Single-Phase PAF Using Virtual Approach, by B. S. Dobrucky, M. Pokorny
Contribution to Solving High Performance Amplifiers for Sirens, by J. Dudrik, J. Ondera, P. Višnyi, P. Rindoš, P. Lenhardt
Influence of Synthesis Parameters of GPC and CDM: Application to the PUMA Manipulator, by N. Bali, M.S. Boucherit, F. Boudjema
Modeling and Parameter Identification of a Synchronous Machine by Using Singular Perturbation Approach, by M. Hasni, O. Touhami, R. Ibtiouen, M. Fadel
Current Sensor Failure in a DFIG Wind-Turbine: Effect Analysis, Detection and Control Reconfiguration, by S. Skander-Mustapha, I. Slama-Belkhodja
Enslavement of Three-Level NPC Current Rectifier – Five-Level NPC Voltage Source Inverter Cascade. Application to the Speed Induction Motor Control, by R. Guedouani, B. Fiala, E. M. Berkouk, M. S. Boucherit
Modeling, Simulation and Control Design of a PWM Three-Phase Four-Wire Shunt Active Power Filter for a 60 kW Industrial Load, by S. Georges, H. Y. Kanaan, A. Hayek, K. Al-Haddad

International Review of Electrical Engineering - Papers

Electromagnetic Coupling - EMC of Electrical Systems (Part II)
by I. Kováčová, D. Kováč

Vol. 1. n. 3, pp. 323-328

Abstract - The paper deals with the general analysis of one part of the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) problem - the electromagnetic coupling applied in the field of power electrical systems. The verification simulation analyses and practical measurements of the electromagnetic coupling, which are confirming the correctness of results obtained from theoretical analyses (part I), are presented in part II. So they can be used for predictive stating of EMC quality of individual new electrotechnical products.

Keywords: Electromagnetic compatibility, Electromagnetic coupling, Electrical systems, Electrical drives.

Hybrid Power Transfer Allocation Methodologies for Deregulated Power Systems

by M. W. Mustafa, H. Shareef

Vol. 1. n. 3, pp. 329-338

Abstract - This paper suggests two hybrid power flow tracing methodologies to allocate real and reactive power output of individual generators to system loads and flows. Both allocation procedures are conducted independently and it is based on current operating point of the system, computed through A.C load flow program. In real power allocation, the method first clusters the system into small groups of buses. Then an appropriate conventional power flow tracing procedure is adopted to obtain the contribution factors within each cluster of buses. The choice of the chosen algorithm lies on their limitations and suitability. Proposed reactive power allocation methodology adopts current tracing instead of power tracing. Based on solved load flow and the network parameters, the method converts power injections and line flows into real and imaginary current injections and flows. These currents are then represented independently as real and imaginary current networks. Since current networks are acyclic lossless networks, proportional sharing principle and graph theory is used to trace the relationship between current sources and current sinks. The advantages of the proposed methodologies are demonstrated by using a simple 4-bus system and the IEEE 14-bus system. The proposed methodologies provide better reliability and minimize the limitations of conventional power flow tracing methods.

Keywords: Ancillary services, Current flow, Energy management, Load flow analysis, Network clustering, Power flow tracing.

Using Fuzzy Arithmetic for Power Flow Analysis with Uncertainty
by C. Tranchita, N. Hadjsaid, A. Torres

Vol. 1. n. 3, pp. 339-351

Abstract - The uncertainty treatment of power injections is one of the most important problems in load flow studies. One method is called the Fuzzy Load Flow (FLF), where uncertainty of input variables is modeled with fuzzy numbers. In FLF fuzzy numbers are traditionally decomposed in alpha-cuts and interval arithmetic is used. This paper introduces the use of LR fuzzy numbers’ arithmetic and the transformation method for the solution of FLF. This last method counteracts the short-comings of the interval arithmetic. Adequate fuzzy numbers implementations and appropriate fuzzy arithmetic contribute to precision and improve the general outcome. A comparison between three types of fuzzy arithmetic is made. Finally, the approaches presented are applied in a test system.

Keywords: Fuzzy load flow, Load flow studies, Fuzzy arithmetic, Transformation method.

Fuel Cell Hybrid Vehicles: Global Optimization Based on Optimal Control Theory
by J. Bernard, S. Delprat, F. N. Büchi, T. M. Guerra

Vol. 1. n. 3, pp. 352-362

Abstract - A global optimization method of Fuel Cell Hybrid Vehicles (FCHV) is exposed. This optimization is based on the optimal control theory and provides an efficient power splitting between the fuel cell system (FCS) and the energy storage system (ESS). The proposed off-line algorithm is general and can be employed for any FCS size and any ESS characteristics. It is an interesting tool to test and compare quickly different hybridization design on various driving cycles, to evaluate the quality of an on-line power management, and to derive real time control strategy. Moreover, the small computation time needed to get a solution is a main advantage of the proposed method. The approach has been validated by applying the dynamic programming algorithm to the same optimization problem.

Keywords: Fuel cell, hybrid vehicle, global optimization, optimal control, state constraint.

Modeling and Simulation Tool of a Dual Power Energy System for Hybrid Vehicle Design

by K. El Kadri, A. Berthon

Vol. 1. n. 3, pp. 363-373

Abstract - This paper proposes the study of a dual power energy system carried out for an experimental test bench ECCE (Evaluation of the Components of an Electric Power train) that is a hybrid series vehicle. This work will focus on the study of the various components (batteries, thermal engine, alternator, control), in order to make evolve this platform by testing several operating modes and also to determine the performance and operation limits. This work has been also carried out in order to achieve a simulation tool which will represent the operation of the hybrid energy system and which can be used to study for example the decayed mode, the availability of the sources of energy and the functionalities of the various parts of a hybrid vehicle. Further works are planned to integrate ultracapacitors energy storage and also fuel cell energy generation.

Keywords: series hybrid vehicle, block modelling, failure management, safety functionality, simulation tool, battery, energy management, converter control strategy.

Reliability and Availability Modelling of Uninterruptible Power Supply Systems Using Monte-Carlo Simulation

by M. K. Rahmat, S. Jovanovic, K. L. Lo

Vol. 1. n. 3, pp. 374-380

Abstract - The purpose of this paper is to describe and discuss an approach to estimate the Reliability and Availability values of the Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) systems using Monte-Carlo simulation method. In this method, the failure rates (), and availability (A) of the major components in the UPS are simulated by the use of random number generators that produces deterministic reliability parameters that try to mimic results that would be obtained from field trials. Reliability parameters such as the system’s Failure Rates (), Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF), System Availability (A), and System Unavailability (W), can be achieved and thus can be used as an indication of the reliability level of the UPS systems. In this paper, the method are applied to five UPS configurations (online with and without bypass, offline, line-interactive with buck/boost transformer and line-interactive with ferroresonant transformer), and comparisons on the results obtained from this method were made to the results from other reliability estimation method such as the Reliability Block Diagram (RBD), Boolean Truth Table and Field Data estimation method.

Keywords: Uninterruptible power supply, Reliability, Availability, Monte-Carlo simulation.

A Compact High-Frequency Link Inverter for UPS Application

by Z. Salam, S. M. Ayob, L. S. Toh

Vol. 1. n. 3, pp. 381-390

Abstract - This paper presents the design of a compact and lightweight bidirectional high-frequency link inverter that can be suitably used for uninterruptible power supplies (UPS). The electrical isolation between the mains and the load is provided by a centre-tapped high-frequency transformer. The inverter is controlled by a Deadbeat controller, which consists of inner current loop, outer voltage loop and a feedforward controller. A 1 kVA prototype inverter has been designed and constructed. The experimental results show that the inverter has high efficiency (91%) with low output voltage distortion (THD less than 1.5%).

Keywords: Power electronics, inverters, dc to ac conversion, high frequency transformers.

Highest Dynamics and Ultra Fast Start-Up of Single-Phase PAF Using Virtual Approach

by B. S. Dobrucky, M. Pokorny

Vol. 1. n. 3, pp. 391-399

Abstract - The paper presents the high dynamic properties of single-phase power active filter. Using a virtual approach and application of orthogonal transform theory the ordinary single-phase system can be transformed into equivalent two-axes system. The new original thought is based on the idea that ordinary single-phase quantity can be complemented by virtual fictitious phase so that both of them will create orthogonal and ortho-normal system, as is usual in three-phase systems. Application of above-mentioned theory makes it possible to use complex methods of analysis as instantaneous reactive power method, which have not been usable for single-phase systems so far. Both, the active and reactive powers can be determined by this way. Practical application of the method is outlined for the case of reference current determination for single-phase power active filter. The special algorithm is designed for starting-up of the filter based on described method. The paper shows some examples of the simulation experiments results, which proved an extremely fast response of the single-phase active filter. The experimental results presented in the last part of the paper do confirm ultra fast dynamic response of PAF at starting-up operation. These were measured on the physical model of about 50 kVA using DSP with 10-15 kHz sampling and floating point calculation.

Keywords: Power active filter, orthogonal transformation, virtual approach, reference current estimation, starting-up algorithm.

Contribution to Solving High Performance Amplifiers for Sirens
by J. Dudrik, J. Ondera, P. Višnyi, P. Rindoš, P. Lenhardt

Vol. 1. n. 3, pp. 400-409

Abstract - Contained in the paper is description of principles and attained properties of a high performance amplifier operating in switching mode. The amplifier is intended for electronic sirens with total sine output power of 300 to 1200 W. Presented are the amplifier basic measured parameters, block diagram, as well as the experience obtained at operating the siren.

Keywords: Low frequency amplifier, Siren, DC-DC converter, Inverter.

Influence of Synthesis Parameters of GPC and CDM: Application to the PUMA Manipulator
by N. Bali, M.S. Boucherit, F. Boudjema

Vol. 1. n. 3, pp. 410-417

Abstract - A two link robotic manipulator controlled by Coefficient Diagram Method (CDM) and Generalized Predictive Control (GPC) will meet the desired performances by using the synthesis parameters for both controllers. The structures of the proposed controlled system are similar to the RST regulators. The simulation results show that these controllers drastically improve the stability response, robustness and precision with a minimum control effort. In this paper, we intend to show the application of CDM and GPC in robotics and the influence of synthesis parameters on the tracking of circle trajectory by PUMA (Programmable Universal Machine for Assembly) robot manipulator.

Keywords: Model of robot manipulator, GPC, CDM, exact linearization.

Modeling and Parameter Identification of a Synchronous Machine by Using Singular Perturbation Approach
by M. Hasni, O. Touhami, R. Ibtiouen, M. Fadel

Vol. 1. n. 3, pp. 418-425

Abstract - In this paper a salient-pole synchronous machine is modeled by an approach of singular perturbations. Experimental determination of synchronous machine parameters is proposed. Frequency response characteristics are plotted in the Gaussian plane to show the transient and sub-transient dynamics. The operational reactances calculated from the global model are compared to those obtained from the reduced model.

Keywords: Classical and standstill tests, frequency response characteristics, Singular perturbation, synchronous machine.

Current Sensor Failure in a DFIG Wind-Turbine: Effect Analysis, Detection and Control Reconfiguration
by S. Skander-Mustapha, I. Slama-Belkhodja

Vol. 1. n. 3, pp. 426-433

Abstract - The effect induced by current measurement errors in a Variable Speed Wind System (VSWS) based on a Double Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) is analysed. The focus is on the effect of offset and gain (or scaling) errors in the measured currents. A simple method to detect and locate the faulty current sensor is presented. Then, the redundancies of the system are used in order to ensure a continuous working by the reconfiguration of the control. The proposed method has been simulated in MATALB-SIMULINK under different values of faults. The results show the excellent performances of the developed method.

Keywords: DFIG, Current measurement error, Variable Speed Wind System, control reconfiguration, failure detection.

Enslavement of Three-Level NPC Current Rectifier – Five-Level NPC Voltage Source Inverter Cascade. Application to the Speed Induction Motor Control
by R. Guedouani, B. Fiala, E. M. Berkouk, M. S. Boucherit

Vol. 1. n. 3, pp. 434-442

Abstract - One of the most important drawbacks of the five–level Neutral Point Clamped inverters (NPC VSI) is the Neutral Point balance. As consequence, we obtain an output voltage of these converters which is asymmetric, and with an average value different from zero. There are different ways to cope with this problem. In this paper, a simple solution that solves this balance is presented. It is based on controlling the DC input voltage of five-level NPC voltage source inverter with an unit power facto at network side using three-level NPC PWM current rectifier. As application, we study the performances drive of the three phase induction machine fed by this cascade. This drive system can find applications in great power and high voltage fields as electrical traction.

Keywords: Multilevel cascade, Neutral point clamping, three-level PWM rectifier, five – level VSI, Capacitors voltage control, PWM strategy, hysteresis current, Induction machine.

Modeling, Simulation and Control Design of a PWM Three-Phase Four-Wire Shunt Active Power Filter for a 60 kW Industrial Load
by S. Georges, H. Y. Kanaan, A. Hayek, K. Al-Haddad

Vol. 1. n. 3, pp. 443-451

Abstract - Electric Power Quality remains a major concern for energy suppliers and consumers. One of the major reasons that contribute to the worsening of power quality is the existence of current harmonics in the power network caused by nonlinear electric loads. A common solution to eliminate such harmonics is the application of Active Power Filters (APF). In this paper, experimental measurements of the current were conducted on a power line that belongs to Electricité du Liban (EDL); feeding a three-phase large industrial load. Two control schemes for a shunt three-phase four-wire APF are developed: one is based on the use of hysteresis current controller to compensate the current distortion and the reactive power, the other consists of multiple loops PI controllers that ensure voltage regulation at the DC side of the filter and current wave shaping at the AC side. The latter control scheme is based on a small–signal averaged model of the converter, computed in the (dq0) synchronous frame. The simulations are performed using Matlab/Simulink tools. Results show an important reduction of the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) and significant improvement of the power factor for both methods. Also, a comparison between the obtained results shows that the second control scheme is better than the first one on the level of harmonics reduction.

Keywords: Power Electronics, Control, Shunt Active Power Filter, Electric Power Quality, Harmonics.

International Review of Electrical Engineering - August 2006 - Papers

Modeling and Simulation Tool of a Dual Power Energy System for Hybrid Vehicle Design

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