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International Review of Electrical Engineering - February 2007 - Papers

Structural Change of Low Voltage Electrical Switches Under the Effect of Electrical Arc Erosion, by L. Chaâbane, M. Sassi, A. S. Bouazzi
Tabu Search Based Algorithm for the Multi-Criteria Optimisation of Service Restoration in Electrical Distribution Networks, by O. Duque, D. Moríñigo, J. L. del Álamo
Intelligent Road Lighting Control Systems - Overview and Case Study, by L. Guo, M. Eloholma, L. Halonen
ZVZCS PS-PWM Full Load Range DC-DC Converter, by J. Dudrik
Event-driven Current Control Structure for a Three Phase Inverter, by A. Polič, K. Jezernik
Lyapunov Control of Three-level PWM Rectifiers to Equilibrate Input DC Voltages of Five-level NPC-VSI, by R. Chibani, E. M. Berkouk, M. S. Boucherit
Critical Review of Converter Topologies for Switched Reluctance Motor Drives, by E. S. Elwakil, M. K. Darwish
Direct Power Control of Three-Phase PWM Rectifier Based on Fuzzy Logic Controller, by A. Bouafia, F. Krim
Investigating DC-link Voltage Ripple in Multi-phase Diode-clamped Three level Inverters, by J. E. Fletcher, L. Gao, D. S. Reay
Efficient Integrated Control for Chattering Phenomena of a Motion Control System in Sliding Mode, by P. Korondi, P. Bauer, P. J. van Duijsen
Stability Analysis of Simultaneous Speed and Stator Resistance Estimation in Sensorless Control of Induction Machine, by N. Ben Si Ali, S. Saad, A. Bouhenna, C. Chaigne, E. Etien, G. Champenois
Analysis of Wind Generator Transient Stability Considering Six-Mass Drive Train Model, by S. M. Muyeen, M. H. Ali, R. Takahashi, T. Murata, J. Tamura, Y. Tomaki, A. Sakahara, E. Sasano
Relative Magnetic Permeability Identification of the Permanent Magnets of a Synchronous Motor Using Inverse Problem, by M. Hadef, M. R. Mekideche, H. Allag
Application of RBF Neural Network and Finite Element Analysis to Solve the Inverse Problem of Defect Identification, by T. Hacib, M. R. Mekideche, N. Ferkha
Optimization of Electric Motor Design Parameters Maximizing the Autonomy of Electric Vehicles, by S. Tounsi, N. Ben Hadj, R. Neji, F. Sellami
A New Digital Control for Improving the Position Resolution of Linear Stepping Switched Reluctance Machine, by B. Ben Salah, K. Mhatli, K. Ben Saad

International Review of Electrical Engineering - Papers

Structural Change of Low Voltage Electrical Switches Under the Effect of Electrical Arc Erosion
by L. Chaâbane, M. Sassi, A. S. Bouazzi

Vol. 2. n. 1, pp. 1-4

Abstract - The objective of this work is to study the structural change and the behavior of low voltage electrical switches under the effect of electrical arc erosion phenomena. The problem of erosion is regarded as the essential problem of the contacts, and the design of the latter depends directly on the erosion that they undergo. The combined performance of the material, in electrical conduction and in erosion, is at the basis of the design and the sizing of the contact apparatus.
The structural change and the behavior in erosion are determined on the basis of endurance tests. The latter were made, in the factory, on switches whose contacts were made of AgNi and AgSnO₂, and this was done, according to the NFC standard. The obtained results showed different erosion characteristics and behavior from those usually observed on isolated contact testing machines. In order to determine the nature of the observed deposits on the contact surfaces of AgNi and AgSnO₂ , analyses by micro-graphs from the electron microscope were made at the National Institute of Research and Physicochemical Analysis (INRAP) and shown various behaviors in erosion according to the number of operations: oxide formation on the surface, intense vaporization and wrenching of the basic material and contamination by carbonaceous deposits coming from the isolated wall of the apparatus. This last phenomenon was specially observed on high voltage circuit breaker devices.

Keywords: AgNi contacts, AgSnO₂ contacts, Electric arc, Endurance, Electrical switches, Erosion.

Tabu Search Based Algorithm for the Multi-Criteria Optimisation of Service Restoration in Electrical Distribution Networks
by O. Duque, D. Moríñigo, J. L. del Álamo

Vol. 2. n. 1, pp. 5-13

Abstract - Fast restoration strategies are necessary to restore out-of-service areas as soon as possible, reducing the inconvenience to the user during electrical supply interruptions. The paper proposes a new algorithm for the optimisation of the restoration tasks after a failure in an electrical distribution network. The heuristic technique used to optimise these tasks has been Tabu Search, considering multiple objectives, such as maximization of the transferred load, minimization of the required time, and minimization of the power losses in the new configuration. The proposed algorithm is a fast and effective service restoration tool for large-scale, radial distribution networks.

Keywords: Distribution systems, Multiobjective optimisation, Service restoration, Tabu Search.

Intelligent Road Lighting Control Systems - Overview and Case Study

by L. Guo, M. Eloholma, L. Halonen

Vol. 2. n. 1, pp. 14-20

Abstract - This paper reviews the present status of intelligent road lighting control systems and presents a case study in Finland. The development in road lighting control has started since light sources started to apply in roads. New technologies in the area of lighting and electronics have led to possibilities of intelligent lighting control. In recent years more attention has been paid to intelligent road lighting control due to energy savings. In this paper, the architecture of intelligent road lighting control system is discussed in detail and the applications in the world are introduced. An intelligent road lighting control system installed in Finland is described and studied. The performance of the lighting control system is evaluated according to the data collected from the system of one year’s period. This existing intelligent road lighting control system reveals its virtues in considerable energy savings and expanded flexibility. The paper concludes by summarizing the benefits and drawbacks of intelligent road lighting control systems and by recommending critical considerations for future development of intelligent road lighting control systems.

Keywords: Intelligent road lighting control, Energy savings, Dimming, Traffic, Weather.

ZVZCS PS-PWM Full Load Range DC-DC Converter

by J. Dudrik

Vol. 2. n. 1, pp. 21-27

Abstract - Soft switching full-bridge phase-shifted PWM converter using IGBTs with no-dissipative snubbers is presented in this paper. Zero-voltage and zero-current switching (ZVZCS) for all power switches is achieved for full load range from no-load to short circuit by adding active energy recovery snubber and auxiliary circuits. The principle of operation is explained and analysed and experimental results are presented. The properties of the converter are verified on a laboratory model.

Keywords: Phase-Shifted Pulsewidth Modulation (PS PWM), Soft Switching, Zero-Voltage and Zero- Current Switching (ZVZCS).

Event-driven Current Control Structure for a Three Phase Inverter

by A. Polič, K. Jezernik

Vol. 2. n. 1, pp. 28-35

Abstract - This paper discusses the functionality of a three-phase inverter from a discrete-event point of view. A recently developed vector-matrix recursive approach for the modeling of discrete event systems is applied for the design of a new, event-driven current control principle for a current controlled three phase inverter. The proposed event-driven current controller integrates traditionally separated current controller, and modulator. Transistor switching patterns are evaluated directly from the phase current errors and the voltage sector, and sequential switching among the transistor patterns is introduced to reduce switching frequency. In order to describe total functionality of a three phase inverter, the proposed modeling approach is further used for the design of steering and protection functions. The designed current controlled inverter is used for the speed/current control of a permanent magnet synchronous machine. The presented experiment shows that the introduced recursive matrix based approach for the modeling of discrete event systems offers a simple mapping procedure for rapid implementation of the designed control algorithms on the FPGA platform.

Keywords: Discrete event systems, Current control, PMSM, Three phase inverter, FPGA.

Lyapunov Control of Three-level PWM Rectifiers to Equilibrate Input DC Voltages of Five-level NPC-VSI
by R. Chibani, E. M. Berkouk, M. S. Boucherit

Vol. 2. n. 1, pp. 36-49

Abstract - We propose a solution to the problem of unbalance of input DC voltages of five-level NPC-VSI by using feedback loops to regulate the total DC voltages by using Lyapunov function control and equalising the DC capacitor voltages in all the levels.
Each of the two three-level PWM rectifiers control are controlled by two loops. The first is the output DC voltage loop control. The second one concerns the network current. For the voltage loop, we use a Lyapunov function controller. The voltage loop imposes the effective value of the reference current of the network corresponding to the power exchanged between the network and the continue load. For the voltage loop modelling, we use the instantaneous power conservation principle and we neglect the rectifiers losses. To obtain a unity network power factor and weak harmonic rate, we use a Lyapunov function controller to regulate the network currents. This cascade is used to fed a Permanent Magnet Synchronous machine. The results obtained show that the use of the five levels NPC VSI in high voltage and great power applications is full of promise on condition to solve the stability problem of the input DC voltages.

Keywords: Converter control, Electrical machines, Harmonics, Modulation strategy, Multilevel converters, Permanent Magnet motor, Lyapunov function control, Sliding mode control.

Critical Review of Converter Topologies for Switched Reluctance Motor Drives

by E. S. Elwakil, M. K. Darwish

Vol. 2. n. 1, pp. 50-58

Abstract - This paper represents an overall literature review of SRM convenient drive circuit topologies with the proposal of a new topology utilizing switched capacitance circuit. The known topologies of SRM drive circuits were critically reviewed and compared. The main configurations and classifications of SRM and the principle of switched capacitance circuit with double capacitors, double switches are reviewed as well.

Keywords: switched reluctance motor, switched capacitance, drive circuit.

Direct Power Control of Three-Phase PWM Rectifier Based on Fuzzy Logic Controller

by A. Bouafia, F. Krim

Vol. 2. n. 1, pp. 59-67

Abstract - In this paper, direct power control (DPC) of three-phase PWM rectifiers based on fuzzy logic controller is presented, without line voltage sensors. The instantaneous active and reactive powers, directly controlled by selecting the optimum state of the converter, are used as the PWM control variables instead of the phase line currents being used. The proposed fuzzy logic controller presents the advantage to be based on linguistic description and does not require a mathematical model of the system. The controller ensures a good regulation of the output voltage, and guarantees the power factor close to one. The simulation results show that the designed fuzzy controller has a good dynamic behavior, a good rejection of impact load disturbance, and is very robust.

Keywords: Direct power control, DTC, fuzzy logic control, PWM rectifier, instantaneous active and reactive power, switching table, voltage sensorless operation.

Investigating DC-link Voltage Ripple in Multi-phase Diode-clamped Three level Inverters
by J. E. Fletcher, L. Gao, D. S. Reay

Vol. 2. n. 1, pp. 68-70

Abstract - Diode-clamped, three-level, three-phase inverters display mid-point voltage excursions that cause low-frequency harmonic distortion in the output voltage spectrum. This paper illustrates that a significant reduction in the excursion is achieved by adopting a multi-phase approach. Practical and simulation results are presented.

Keywords: Multi-level Multi-phase, Voltage Imbalance, Diode-clamped Inverter.

Efficient Integrated Control for Chattering Phenomena of a Motion Control System in Sliding Mode
by P. Korondi, P. Bauer, P. J. van Duijsen

Vol. 2. n. 1, pp. 71-80

Abstract - In this paper the modelling of a motion control system with Variable Structure System (VSS) theory using Matlab/Simulink and Caspoc is elaborated. The keystep of most sliding mode designs is the chattering free implementation. The usual sources of chattering are the limited switching frequency and the non-modeled dynamics. The main contribution of this paper is the introduction of a powerful integrated simulation tool, which enables a detailed analyze of chattering. The control is modeled in Simulink, while the power converter is modeled in Caspoc. This has advantages on both sides. Powerful toolboxes existing for Simulink can be used and the power electronics can be modeled in detail in the dedicated power electronics and drives simulation program Caspoc. This approach and advantages of it are demonstrated by analysing the chattering phenomena of a motion control system. Experimental results of a DSP-controlled single-degree-of-freedom motion-control system are presented and compared with the simulation.

Keywords: Simulation, Variable structure system.

Stability Analysis of Simultaneous Speed and Stator Resistance Estimation in Sensorless Control of Induction Machine
by N. Ben Si Ali, S. Saad, A. Bouhenna, C. Chaigne, E. Etien, G. Champenois

Vol. 2. n. 1, pp. 81-90

Abstract - This paper presents a new method for adaptive observer stability analysis used in sensor-less control of induction machine. In particular, the simultaneous stator resistance and speed are studied. The main contribution of the proposed method is the analytic expression of unstable regions in the torque/speed plane.

Keywords: Induction motor drive, sensorless control, adaptive observer, stability analysis, stator resistance estimation.

Analysis of Wind Generator Transient Stability Considering Six-Mass Drive Train Model
by S. M. Muyeen, M. H. Ali, R. Takahashi, T. Murata, J. Tamura, Y. Tomaki, A. Sakahara, E. Sasano

Vol. 2. n. 1, pp. 91-102

Abstract - In this paper, six-mass drive train model is used for precise and detailed analysis of wind turbine generator system (WTGS) under network disturbances. The effect of the six-mass drive train parameters on transient stability of WTGS is one of the new features of this work. It is found that the low-speed side shaft stiffness has significant effect on the transient stability of WTGS. The effect of inertia constants, self-dampings of the individual masses and mutual-dampings of the adjacent masses are also analyzed when the severe network disturbance occurs in the power system. It is seen that the mutual-dampings and the self-dampings have some effect on the transient stability of WTGS, which cannot be expressed exactly with the reduced order shaft models. Moreover, the transient effect and the blade-shaft stresses are analyzed for both equal and unequal torque sharing conditions among the blades. Another salient feature of this study is that the transient stability enhancement of WTGS, considering the six-mass drive train model is analyzed by using three-level PWM based STATCOM.

Keywords: drive train, inertia constant, six-mass model, shaft stiffness, transient stability, wind generator.

Relative Magnetic Permeability Identification of the Permanent Magnets of a Synchronous Motor Using Inverse Problem
by M. Hadef, M. R. Mekideche, H. Allag

Vol. 2. n. 1, pp. 103-109

Abstract - In this paper, a parameter identification using inverse problem methodology is proposed. The magnetic permeability, which depends on the magnetic field and temperature, is a physical parameter which has to be taken into account in any electro thermal physical problem simulation. In order to show the validity of the proposed approach, the problem is usually treated as an optimization problem, where the conjugate gradient method is combined with the finite element analysis, to identify the relative magnetic permeability of the permanent magnets (PM) of a synchronous motor. Tikhonov’s regularization method is then used to replace the original ill-posed or ill-conditioned problem with a well-posed or well-conditioned problem, able to provide a close approximation of the PM relative magnetic permeability.

Keywords: Identification, inverse problem, permanent magnet synchronous motor, optimization, magnetic permeability.

Application of RBF Neural Network and Finite Element Analysis to Solve the Inverse Problem of Defect Identification
by T. Hacib, M. R. Mekideche, N. Ferkha

Vol. 2. n. 1, pp. 110-117

Abstract - This paper presents an approach which is based on the use of radial basis function (RBF) neural network and finite element analysis to solve the inverse problem of defect identification. The approach is used to identify unknown defects in metallic walls. The methodology used in this study consists in the simulation of a large number of defects in a metallic wall, using the finite element method (FEM). Both variations in with and height of the defects are considered. Then the obtained results are used to generate a set of vectors for the training of a RBF neural network. Finally, the obtained neural networks are used to identify a group of new defects, simulated by the FEM, but not belonging to the original dataset. Performance of the RBF network was also compared with the most commonly used multilayer perceptron (MLP) network model. The reached results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed approach, and that RBF network performs better than MLP network model.

Keywords: Defects identifications, FEM, Inverse problem, RBF neural network.

Optimization of Electric Motor Design Parameters Maximizing the Autonomy of Electric Vehicles
by S. Tounsi, N. Ben Hadj, R. Neji, F. Sellami

Vol. 2. n. 1, pp. 118-126

Abstract - This paper describes a methodology of electric motor design parameters optimization with a view to maximize the autonomy. The autonomy is optimized dice the phase of the motor design. This last is modelled analytically. This modelling is supplemented and validated by the finite elements method. The model of the motor is coupled with the various models of the traction chain (battery, converter, reducer and vehicle), with an aim of finding the best design parameters maximizing autonomy. In this context, a global and parameterized electric vehicle model integrating the different types of losses has been implanted under MATLAB /SIMULINK. This model is coupled to an optimization program based on the Genetic Algorithms method for the purpose of finding iteratively optimal parameters maximizing the autonomy.

Keywords: motor design, finite elements, calculation, simulation, optimization.

A New Digital Control for Improving the Position Resolution of Linear Stepping Switched Reluctance Machine
by B. Ben Salah, K. Mhatli, K. Ben Saad

Vol. 2. n. 1, pp. 127-135

Abstract - This paper proposes a new digital control method for monitoring a linear stepping switched reluctance machine (SRM). This method improves the resolution and largely eliminates problems of overshoot and resonance. The synthesis of this control approach uses the Pulse Width Modulation technique (PWM) to ensure a microstepping functioning. In this work, the basic idea, the analytic survey and the mathematical formulation of the control law are presented in first phase. The validation by numeric simulation of the proposed approach are presented in the second phase. The obtained results are conclusive and illustrate the efficiency of the developed approach
.

Keywords: incremental resolution, microstepping, overshoot and resonance, PWM technique, Stepping linear SRM.

International Review of Electrical Engineering - February 2007 - Papers

Intelligent Road Lighting Control Systems - Overview and Case Study

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