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International Review of Electrical Engineering - August 2007 - Papers

A Novel EMI Filter to Suppress CM and DM Noises of EMI in ZVT Technique Based Boost PFC Converter, by P. Ram Mohan, M. Vijaya Kumar, O. V. Ragha Reddy
A Soft-computing Technique for Modeling and Simulation of Stand-alone Photovoltaic Power Supply System, by A. Mellit
Application of Decentralized Adaptive Control on the Stabilisation of Multimachine Power Systems, by M. Ben Messaoud, L. Krichen, H. Hadj Abdallah, A. Ouali
A New Multi-resolution Monitoring Tool for Multi-Owners Distribution Power Systems, by A. M. Gaouda
A Modified Genetic Approach to Hydrothermal System with Thyristor Controlled Phase Shifter Under Open Market System, by C. Srinivasa Rao, S. Siva Nagaraju, P. Sangameswara Raju
Industrial Power System Security Using Petri Nets, by G. A. Ramos, A. Torres, J-P. Rognon, M. Rios
Expanding Unit Commitment Algorithm to Include Ancillary Service Modeling Capability, by Y. Liao, X. Feng, J. Pan
Comparison of Multilevel Space Vector Algorithms for Shunt Active Power Filter Using Cascade Multicell Inverter, by H. Miranda, V. Cárdenas, J. Pérez
Single-Phase Unity Power Factor Rectifier with Improved Dynamic Response for Non-linear Load, by D. V. Nicolae
Advanced Averaged Model of PWM-Switch Operating in CCM and DCM Conduction Modes, by S. Abis, K. Ammous, H. Morel, A. Ammous
QFT-Robust Controller Design for PCM Controlled Power Converter, by A. Altowati, K. Zenger, T. Suntio
Dynamical Analysis of Shunt-Regulator-Based Control Systems, by T. Tepsa, T. Suntio
Development of a Permanent Magnetic Semi-active Shock-absorber, by I. Zador, I. Vajda
Bearing Fault Diagnosis of an Induction Motor: Feature Selection Importance in Pattern Recognition Analysis, by A. Felkaoui, R. E. Bekka, J. Antoni, M. Sidahmed, S. Fedala
Improvement of DTC Performance by Using Hybrid Space Vector Pulsewidth Modulation Algorithm, by T. Brahmananda Reddy, J. Amarnath, D. Subbarayudu
Experimental Study of Buck-Boost Converters with Polynomial Control Strategy for Hybrid Vehicles Applications, by M. B. Camara , H. Gualous, F. Gustin, A. Berthon
Sensorless Optimal Control Strategy of PMSG in Wind Energy Conversion System, by L. Krichen, A. Ouali
A Robustness Comparative Study of Several Types of Speed Controllers with the Kind Based on Backstepping for PMSM Control Fed by a Three-level Voltage Source Inverter, by A. Boumédiène, M. S. Boucherit, F. Boudjema
Fault Tolerant Back-to-Back Converter Topology for Wind Turbine with Doubly Fed Induction Generator, by A. Gaillard, S. Karimi, P. Poure, S. Saadate

International Review of Electrical Engineering - Papers

A Novel EMI Filter to Suppress CM and DM Noises of EMI in ZVT Technique Based Boost PFC Converter
by P. Ram Mohan, M. Vijaya Kumar, O. V. Ragha Reddy

Vol. 2. n. 1, pp. 473-479

Abstract - This paper deals with theory and analysis of Electro Magnetic Interference (EMI). The EMI consists of mainly common mode and differential mode noises. Due to interference, the efficiency of the equipment reduces and some times the equipment may be damaged. A novel topology of EMI Filter and its design to suppress these two noises in a Zero Voltage Transition (ZVT) technique based Boost Power Factor Correction (PFC) Converter is presented in this paper.

Keywords: Electro Magnetic Interference, Common Mode, Differential Mode, noise, PFC Converters.

A Soft-computing Technique for Modeling and Simulation of Stand-alone Photovoltaic Power Supply System
by A. Mellit

Vol. 2. n. 1, pp. 480-488

Abstract - Due to the increasing need for intelligent systems, the Adaptive Neuro-fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) has recently attracted the attention of researchers in various scientific and engineering areas. The purpose of this work is to present the modelling of a Stand-Alone Photovoltaic Power Supply (SAPVPS) system using ANFIS. For the modelling of the SAPVPS system, it is required to find suitable models for its different components (ANFIS PV-generator, ANFIS battery and ANFIS regulator) under variable climatic conditions. A database of measured weather data (global radiation, temperature and humidity) and electrical signals (photovoltaic, battery and regulator voltage and current) of a SAPVPS system installed in Tahifet (south of Algeria) has been recorded for the period from 1992 to 1997 using a data acquisition system. These data have been used for the modelling and simulation of the SAPVPS system. The ANFIS for the PV-generator, battery and regulator have been trained by using 10 signals recorded from the different components of the PVPS system. Each signal is represented by 365*5 values (complete 5-years). A set of data for 4-years have been used for the training of the ANFIS and data for 1-year has been used for the testing of the ANFIS. In this way, the ANFIS was trained to accept and handle a number of unusual cases. The comparison between actual and estimated values obtained from the ANFIS gave satisfactory results. The correlation coefficient between measured values and those estimated by the ANFIS gave good prediction accuracy of 98%. In addition, test results show that the ANFIS performed better than the Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). Predicted electrical signals by the ANFIS can be used for several applications in PV systems.

Keywords: Photovoltaic system, Modeling, Simulation, ANN, ANFIS.

Application of Decentralized Adaptive Control on the Stabilisation of Multimachine Power Systems

by M. Ben Messaoud, L. Krichen, H. Hadj Abdallah, A. Ouali

Vol. 2. n. 1, pp. 489-495

Abstract - In this paper, a decentralised adaptive control scheme for stabilisation of multimachine power systems as large-scale non-linear system is proposed. In each local subsystem, the adaptive controller incorporates an appropriately additive power by designing update law. The locally installed adaptive controllers have a simple structure and robust performance under different operation conditions and short circuit faults. The interaction signals between the different subsystems are considered as an external perturbation. This strategy does not require a priori knowledge of subsystems. The stability of the closed-loop system is proved in simulation. It is shown that all signals in the closed-loop system are bounded, and that asymptotic regulation is achieved. The comparison of two control strategies— Model Reference Adaptive Control (MRAC) and PI classical control – are performed for the Power Electrical System (PES). In the simulation, four power machines are considered equipped with the proposed decentralised controller. The results show that the designed strategies improve the system stability. The discussion and comparison of the simulation result are presented.

Keywords: Decentralized Control, PI Control, MRAC, Stabilisation, Power Electrical System.

A New Multi-resolution Monitoring Tool for Multi-Owners Distribution Power Systems

by A. M. Gaouda

Vol. 2. n. 1, pp. 496-506

Abstract - This paper proposes a new monitoring tool can be implemented in multi-owners distribution system. The proposed tool utilizes a prepossessing Kaiser’s window, wavelet multi-resolution and local-maxima of expansion coefficients in order to detect and monitor different disturbances in power systems. Only a small set of wavelet expansion coefficients and their indices are used to detect, classify and defined disturbance-time sequence and its propagation behavior. The tool is implemented to monitor internal and external disturbances in 33/11kV distribution system operating in radial or ring configuration.

Keywords: Transients, Kaiser’s Window, Local maxima, Multi-resolution analysis and Wavelet transform.

A Modified Genetic Approach to Hydrothermal System with Thyristor Controlled Phase Shifter Under Open Market System

by C. Srinivasa Rao, S. Siva Nagaraju, P. Sangameswara Raju

Vol. 2. n. 1, pp. 507-514

Abstract - This paper presents the analysis of Automatic generation control (AGC) of a two-area interconnected hydrothermal system with Thyristor controlled phase shifter (TCPS) in series with the tie-line under open market system. It also involves the optimization of integral controller employing modified genetic algorithm method. Open transmission access and the evolving of more socialized companies for generation, transmission and distribution affects the formulation of AGC problem. So the traditional AGC two-area system is modified to take into account the effect of bilateral contracts on the dynamics. It is possible to stabilize the system frequency and tie-power oscillations by controlling the phase angle of TCPS which is expected to provide a new ancillary service for the future power systems. A control strategy using TCPS is proposed to provide active control of system frequency. Gain settings of the integral controllers without and with TCPS are optimized using the Modified genetic algorithm technique following a step load disturbance in either of the areas. Analysis reveals that a TCPS is quite capable of suppressing the frequency and tie-power oscillations effectively as compared to that obtained without TCPS.

Keywords: AGC, Hydrothermal, TCPS, Modified genetic algorithm, Disco participation matrix, open market system.

Industrial Power System Security Using Petri Nets
by G. A. Ramos, A. Torres, J-P. Rognon, M. Rios

Vol. 2. n. 1, pp. 515-522

Abstract - Currently, there is a major interest into get electrical industrial systems (EIS) whit high levels of security, quality, reliability and availability (SQRA) because of EIS are the most critical infrastructure of many industries that uses sensible electronic loads or major processes based on electricity supply. Current SQRA analysis in EIS uses probabilistic methodologies to evaluate the performance of the system under steady state conditions; however, these methodologies do not consider effects caused by instantaneous and/or transient disturbances. This paper presents a more suitable definition of security for EIS and presents how the operation sequence of the EIS, when a disturbance occurs, affects the security in the system by means of a Generalized Stochastic Petri Network modeling. The methodology uses the concept of unreadiness probability to get the security indicators. This methodology can be used to complement the reliability analysis and to extend the understanding the role of hidden failures in the operation sequences of the power systems.

Keywords: Industrial power system reliability, Petri Nets.

Expanding Unit Commitment Algorithm to Include Ancillary Service Modeling Capability

by Y. Liao, X. Feng, J. Pan

Vol. 2. n. 1, pp. 523-528

Abstract - The unit commitment problem considering both energy and ancillary service requirements is very hard to solve due to its combinatorial nature. Unit commitment algorithm considering only the energy requirements is much easier to design and imposes much less computational burden since a considerable number of variables and constraints related to ancillary service requirements can be eliminated. This paper proposes a practical approach for adding ancillary service modeling capability to a unit commitment algorithm provided such a unit commitment algorithm modeling energy requirements already exists. The presented algorithm is not aimed at finding the true optimal solution, but aimed at finding a reasonably good solution within acceptable computational time limit. The presented algorithm is being used by independent system operators of several major US power markets. Study results showing interactions between various markets are also presented, demonstrating the effectiveness of the presented algorithm.

Keywords: Ancillary Service Markets, Power Market Simulation, Competitive Power Market, Locational Marginal Price (LMP).

Comparison of Multilevel Space Vector Algorithms for Shunt Active Power Filter Using Cascade Multicell Inverter

by H. Miranda, V. Cárdenas, J. Pérez

Vol. 2. n. 1, pp. 530-536

Abstract - This paper presents a comparison between two algorithms for space vector modulation. The algorithms compared have particular characteristics, applying trigonometric functions is not needed to obtain and localize the reference vector and commutation times. Both algorithms are tested with different reference waveforms, such as sinusoidal reference and a harmonic current compensation signal for a three-phase diode rectifier. Furthermore, simulations varying the number of levels of the converter test the performance of the space vector methods. The comparison is made using Matlab and Simulink simulation results. The idea is to select the algorithm that presents better characteristics for active power filter applications. These algorithms have several advantages, but the main ones are the flexibility they have to control the commutation frequency of the power semiconductor devices, and that the algorithm can be applied in multilevel converters with any number of levels, in comparison with other algorithms reported.

Keywords: Multilevel Converters, Pulse Width Modulation, Space Vector Modulation.

Single-Phase Unity Power Factor Rectifier with Improved Dynamic Response for Non-linear Load
by D. V. Nicolae

Vol. 2. n. 1, pp. 537-543

Abstract - In this paper, a robust controller asserting a unity power factor rectifier is studied. The inner current control loop is a hysteresis type with switching frequency kept below a maximum imposed value; the harmonics generated are spread in certain range below the maximum imposed frequency and thus reducing the electromagnetic interference. The voltage controller feed-forwards the information about the dc output power to improve the dynamic response for any type of dc load. To demonstrate the improved response of the voltage regulator, a buck regulator as non-linear load drawing approximately 2.5 kW, is used.

Keywords: Harmonics, Hysteresis Current Controller, Feedforward Voltage Controller, Power Factor Correction.

Advanced Averaged Model of PWM-Switch Operating in CCM and DCM Conduction Modes
by S. Abis, K. Ammous, H. Morel, A. Ammous

Vol. 2. n. 1, pp. 544-556

Abstract - The accurate simulation of power electronic systems is possible when including models of the semiconductor devices, but practically not affordable. Classical ideal averaged models of the system are not suitable either. Hence, averaged models including the non-ideal effects of the power semiconductor devices appear quite efficient. In this paper, a non ideal averaged model of the PWM-Switch operating in continuous and discontinuous conduction modes is developed. The main advantages of the proposed averaged model are the takes into account of the nonlinear effects of power devices and the influence of the stray inductance in the DC loop, on the switching characteristics. The model is useful in determining the device’s switching and conduction losses and its junction temperature.

Keywords: PWM-switch, Non-ideal averaged model, DC loop inductance, junction temperature.

QFT-Robust Controller Design for PCM Controlled Power Converter
by A. Altowati, K. Zenger, T. Suntio

Vol. 2. n. 1, pp. 557-569

Abstract - The application of quantitative feedback theory (QFT) to design robust controllers for a DC-DC buck converter operating in continuous (CCM) and discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) is investigated in this paper. QFT controllers for both continuous and discontinuous conduction mode are designed, which meet the frequency domain tracking specifications, robust stability, and disturbance rejection requirements. A prefilter is subsequently designed in order to improve the transient and steady state control responses. Tracking control characteristics are analyzed through computer simulation for a peak-current-mode (PCM) controlled buck converter in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control methodology.

Keywords: Quantitative feedback theory, power converter, robust performance, peak-current-mode-control.

Dynamical Analysis of Shunt-Regulator-Based Control Systems
by T. Tepsa, T. Suntio

Vol. 2. n. 1, pp. 570-578

Abstract - The shunt regulator TL431 was introduced in late 1970’s for voltage-reference purposes but was later found to be an excellent control system’s building block especially for the low-cost applications requiring control loop isolation. It has turned out that the dynamical properties incorporated in the shunt regulator are not well known. Characteristic to TL431 is that it is a transconductance amplifier without negative feedback, it provides two feedback loops with several alternatives for connecting them, and its dynamical properties are highly dependent on the level of cathode current and the manufacturer. The paper provides the dynamical models and methods to extract the model parameters, analyzes the effect of the varying parameters on the performance of the control system as well as provides the methods to analyze the complicated two-loop systems usually neglected. The dynamical parameters are extracted from the experimentally measured data.

Keywords: Switched-mode converter, control, TL 431.

Development of a Permanent Magnetic Semi-active Shock-absorber
by I. Zador, I. Vajda

Vol. 2. n. 1, pp. 579-586

Abstract - Today’s vehicle manufacturers have the aim to keep building more convenient, efficient and safer cars. This requires usage of actively controllable systems which are due to their benefits mostly electronic systems, such as: ABS ESP, steer-by-wire. In our research we have focused on the suspension system. Suspension system has to hold the body of the car in comfort and to meet certain safety requirements. The problem of meeting the demands of increasing energy consumption of the electronic systems also has to be solved. The active and semi-active suspensions with energy recuperative feature give a solution for the above mentioned problems. In this paper the design aspects and development and test of an experimental model of a PM synchronous tube machine shock-absorber and its control electronic with semi-active controllability and recuperative feature is presented.

Keywords: Permanent magnet, semi-active shock-absorber, synchronous tubular motor, recuperation.

Bearing Fault Diagnosis of an Induction Motor: Feature Selection Importance in Pattern Recognition Analysis
by A. Felkaoui, R. E. Bekka, J. Antoni, M. Sidahmed, S. Fedala

Vol. 2. n. 1, pp. 587-592

Abstract - In this paper we present a selection strategy of a reduced relevant and non redundant number of parameter to represent a vibratory signature of the bearing defects. We show that the performance of the pattern recognition method is closely related to these reduced indicators. The method has been validated by using real vibration data of a rig set-up with normal and defective bearings.

Keywords: Bearing Fault Diagnostic, Feature Selection, Induction Motor, Pattern Vector.

Improvement of DTC Performance by Using Hybrid Space Vector Pulsewidth Modulation Algorithm
by T. Brahmananda Reddy, J. Amarnath, D. Subbarayudu

Vol. 2. n. 1, pp. 593-600

Abstract - This paper presents a novel and simple hybrid space vector pulsewidth modulation (HSVPWM) method for direct torque controlled induction motor drives to reduce steady state ripples in current, torque and flux. Also, the newly developed HSVPWM technique does not use angle and sector information and hence it simplifies the control algorithm. The proposed PWM technique is designed based on the notion of stator flux ripple, which is a measure of line current ripple. Expressions for RMS ripple, over a sub-cycle are derived for each switching sequence in terms of reference voltage vector, imaginary switching times and sub-cycle duration. This analysis together with the THD performance is used to design new HSVPWM technique, which results in reduction in THD. The proposed PWM method reduces the execution time and memory required. To validate the proposed method, the simulation results are presented and compared.

Keywords: Direct torque control, imaginary switching times, flux ripple, hybrid SVPWM.

Experimental Study of Buck-Boost Converters with Polynomial Control Strategy for Hybrid Vehicles Applications
by M. B. Camara , H. Gualous, F. Gustin, A. Berthon

Vol. 2. n. 1, pp. 601-611

Abstract - This paper presents a new electric power management methodology between super capacitors and batteries for the ECCE test bench. ECCE is an experimental Hybrid Vehicle developed at L2ES laboratory in collaboration with the Research in Electrical Engineering and Electronics Center of Belfort (CREEBEL) and other French partners. This hybrid vehicle has currently lead-acid batteries with a rated voltage at 540 V, two ICE motors coupled to electric generators. These alternators are coupled to DC-link by rectifiers. The main objective of this study is to associate two super capacitors modules to DC-link of this experimental test bench by using DC/DC Converters topologies. The super capacitors module is made of 108 cells with a maximum voltage of 270 V. The authors propose an original power management strategy between super capacitors and batteries by using the RST polynomial correctors. The Hybrid Vehicle power management algorithm is developed for two DC/DC converters topologies. The advantage of polynomial correctors RST in the power management is compared to classical PI correctors.

Keywords: Super capacitors, Buck-Boost converter, Polynomial control strategy, Energy management, Dynamic control.

Sensorless Optimal Control Strategy of PMSG in Wind Energy Conversion System
by L. Krichen, A. Ouali

Vol. 2. n. 1, pp. 612-618

Abstract - This paper presents a sensorless optimal control strategy of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) used in Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS). An approach to develop a simple reduced speed observer for PMSG is developed. The speed and rotor position estimation of the PMSG are obtained by only measuring phase voltage and current. Maximum wind energy extraction is achieved by running the wind turbine generator in variable-speed mode. The rotor speed is allowed to vary in sympathy with the wind speed by maintaining the tip speed ratio to the value that maximizes aerodynamic efficiency. Advantages of this mechanical sensorless control strategy for maximum power estimation are demonstrated by digital simulation of the WECS.

Keywords: Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator, Wind Energy Conversion System, Sensorless, Reduced Observer, Maximum Power Point Tracking.

A Robustness Comparative Study of Several Types of Speed Controllers with the Kind Based on Backstepping for PMSM Control Fed by a Three-level Voltage Source Inverter
by A. Boumédiène, M. S. Boucherit, F. Boudjema

Vol. 2. n. 1, pp. 619-628

Abstract - Backstepping is a recursive nonlinear design method, where both feedback control laws and Lyapunov based designs are applied. Backstepping designs offer a choice of design tools for accommodation of uncertain nonlinearities and can avoid unnecessary cancellations. The paper, deals with comparison of backstepping, nonlinear sliding mode and the PI controller for speed control of PMSM fed by a three levels PWM voltage source inverter (VSI). A short review about the design of those speed controllers is given. Simulation results clearly show the comparison.

Keywords: Backstepping, nonlinear sliding mode, permanent magnet synchronous motor, voltage source inverter, NPC, three-level inverter, PWM strategy.

Fault Tolerant Back-to-Back Converter Topology for Wind Turbine with Doubly Fed Induction Generator
by A. Gaillard, S. Karimi, P. Poure, S. Saadate

Vol. 2. n. 1, pp. 629-637

Abstract - This paper presents a novel fault tolerant converter topology for grid connected Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS) with Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG). This topology allows fast fault detection and compensation of one of the semiconductors or drivers by using isolating and connecting devices. It is based on a unique redundant leg for both back to back converters. We present a new detection algorithm, robust to false fault detection due to semiconductor switching. Simulation results are presented cases on both back-to-back converters and both hyper and hypo synchronous conditions.

Keywords: Wind Turbine Generator, Fault Tolerant Converter, Fault detection, Fault compensation, Doubly Fed Induction Generator.

International Review of Electrical Engineering - August 2007 - Papers

Application of Decentralized Adaptive Control on the Stabilisation of Multimachine Power Systems

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