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Home>Products>Journal and Reviews>I.R.E.E.>Latest issue
International Review of Electrical Engineering - June 2009 - Papers
International Review of Electrical Engineering - Papers
by F. Richardeau, N. Roux, M. Cousineau, H. Foch Vol. 4. n. 3, pp. 336-347
Abstract - This paper presents an original concept in which integrated over-voltage and / or over-current protections of power devices are used to produce a self-commutated operation. Such a new commutation is shown as a possible combination with conventional forced-commutation and spontaneous-commutation to simplify direct regenerative AC/DC conversion, insulating DC/AC/DC conversion and finally direct AC/AC conversion. Experimental results prove the feasibility of the concept through which the self turn-off and self-feeding device is likely to offer the best practical gains. In addition, an original self-feeding solution is proposed to increase the saving cost. Copyright © 2009 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved
Keywords: Self-commutation, Self turn-on, Self turn-off, Regenerative AC/DC conversion, Isolated DC/DC conversion, Direct AC/AC PWM conversion, Self-feeding devices.
Vol. 4. n. 3, pp. 348-356
Abstract - Aiming to develop an intelligent control system based on artificial intelligence namely artificial neural networks (ANNs) this paper presents successful application of adaptive linear neurons (ADALINE) to detect instantaneously the harmonic content of a distorted current, to extract the fundamental phase of the source voltage, to achieve on line control of the filter current and to accomplish the dc voltage regulation of an active power filter(APF) .In fact a complete explanation and details of all steps used to succeed the application backed up by numerical simulations is presented in this paper. The overall neural control system based on Adaline is compared to the PI control schema and possible associations between both techniques (Adaline / PI). Copyright © 2009 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved
Keywords: Artificial neural networks, Adaptive linear neurons, On-line learning, On-line harmonic tracking, Adaptive neural network controller, Active power filter.
Vol. 4. n. 3, pp. 357-364
Abstract - This paper presents a zero voltage switching (ZVS) active clamp sepic converter for power factor correction. The buck-boost type of active clamp topology is connected in parallel with the input inductor so that the ZVS turn-on of switching devices is achieved and the voltage stresses of power switches are reduced. When main switch is turned off, the positive resonant inductor current flows through the anti-parallel diode of auxiliary switch so that the auxiliary switch can be turned on at ZVS. When auxiliary switch is turned off, the negative resonant inductor current will flow through the anti-parallel diode of main switch. Therefore main switch can be turned on at ZVS. Finally, experimental results based on a laboratory prototype rated at 300W are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed converter. Copyright © 2009 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved
Keywords: Zero-voltage switching (ZVS), Active clamp circuit, Power factor correction.
Vol. 4. n. 3, pp. 365-373
Abstract - A parallel zero voltage switching (ZVS) forward converter with half-bridge topology is presented in this paper. Two converter modules are connected in parallel in the output side to share the load current. In the primary side, two converter modules use the same power switches so that the semiconductor devices are reduced in the proposed converter compared with the conventional interleaved half-bridge converter. The asymmetrical pulse-width modulation (APWM) is used to regulate the output voltage and realize the ZVS turn-on of switches at the transition interval. The voltage stress of switches is clamped at the input source voltage. The system analysis, operation principle and design consideration of the proposed converter are presented. Finally experimental results based on a laboratory prototype are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed converter. Copyright © 2009 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved. Copyright © 2009 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved
Keywords: Interleaved PWM, Soft switching, Power conversion.
Vol. 4. n. 3, pp. 374-379
Abstract - In this paper a new soft switching current-fed converter for high voltage high power applications is presented. This converter utilizes parasitic components of high voltage transformers as resonant elements and employs fixed frequency phase shift PWM control to implement soft switching condition for all semiconductor devices. Therefore, implementation of control circuit is easy and cheap. Since every six switches turn on at zero current condition (ZCS) the proposed converter has higher efficiency than conventional one. The detailed steady state analysis of the converter is presented by computer simulation and analytical method. Finally the experimental results certificate analysis and simulation results of this converter. Copyright © 2009 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved
Keywords: Zero Current Switching, Phase Shift PWM, Current-fed Converter, High Voltage Applications.
Vol. 4. n. 3, pp. 380-391
Abstract - This paper deals with harmonic current compensation for 1.5 kV DC railway substation. The main constraint is the filtering of the predominant harmonic components (11th and 13th) which are absorbed by the traction group. The possible structures for high power active filters with multi-cell converters are analysed and discussed. Two topologies, based on voltage source inverters connected to the medium voltage network through a step down transformer are proposed. For the control part, two methods of selective harmonics identification are proposed and compared. The first is based on extended pq algorithm and the second is original and based on the synthesis by observer. Extensive simulation results carried out with PSIM software coupled with Matlab Simulink are included to validate the concepts and the methods used for the design and control. Copyright © 2009 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved
Keywords: Power Electronics, Power Quality, Active Filtering, Railway Traction, Active Filter Control.
Vol. 4. n. 3, pp. 392-398
Abstract - In this paper, a Monte Carlo based method is used to assess the uncertainties in both location and size of the distribution generation units in a power distribution system. The ability of the power capacity of system to meet the total demand is presented in radial and meshed power systems. By using the proposed algorithm, sufficient number and location of DG sources are determined. For two levels of allowance DG penetration, the total output of DG units is estimated under their random/fixed operation. The results obtained in this work show that for both fixed and random DG locations, the total amount of generation required from the main source generators is reduced. It is also observed that the effect of DG on system performance is more pronounced when the evaluation is performed for fixed location. Copyright © 2009 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved
Keywords: Distribution generation, Monte Carlo simulation, Uncertainty assessment, Penetration level.
Vol. 4. n. 3, pp. 399-409
Abstract - This Paper presents solution for Optimal Power Flow problem of large power system based on an Integrated Genetic Cluster Algorithm. The CPU time can be reduced because a conventional Genetic search for an Optimal Power Flow Solution is carried out within a High Density Cluster. The algorithm of the proposed method can be unfolded in to three stages. In the first, a sub optimal OPF solution is obtained by a conventional analytical method. In the second, a high density cluster which consists of other suboptimal data points in the vicinity of the first are formed with the help of a conventional Genetic Algorithm. In the final stage, a genetic algorithm based search is carried out for the exact optimal solution from a low population sized, high density cluster. The final optimal solution thoroughly satisfies the well defined fitness function. A standard IEEE 30-bustest system is considered for the simulation study. Numerical results are presented and compared with the results of other approaches in a judicious way. Copyright © 2009 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved
Keywords: Optimal Power Flow, Lambda Iteration Method, Density based Cluster Algorithm, High Density Cluster, and Genetic Search.
Vol. 4. n. 3, pp. 410-416
Abstract - This paper presents a methodology, for the calculus of the harmonic power flow in electric power systems. The developed methodology uses the Newton-Raphson method to obtain the solution of non-linear equations. This mathematical approach permits to represent the interaction between harmonic components of different frequencies. It was also developed models for the main linear and nonlinear devices connected to the electric power systems. Discussions and comments for applications of these harmonic sources in harmonic modeling and simulation also will be described. Copyright © 2009 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved
Keywords: Harmonic Power Flow, Static VAR compensator and Newton-Raphson method.
Vol. 4. n. 3, pp. 417-424
Abstract - Restructuring of power systems produces some new problems and changes in criteria, aims and methods of power systems operation. For example, congestion management is one challenge which must be dealt with in power systems operation. FACTS devices are widely studied to alleviate the congestion economically. Taking both the economical and security requirements into consideration simultaneously for a restructured power system may prove very complicated; but FACTS devices are highly capable to meet these necessities. This paper presents a helpful list of planning requirements for FACTS devices to improve the efficiency of the restructured power systems. Moreover, a comprehensive review as well as a classification scheme is further presented, considering these requirements. Copyright © 2009 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved
Keywords: Restructured Power Systems, FACTS Planning, Congestion Management.
Vol. 4. n. 3, pp. 425-433
Abstract - Generation scheduling is a crucial challenge in power systems especially under new environment of liberalization of electricity industry. This paper is focused on the economical aspect of UC problem, while the next load demand as a very important issue and prohibited operation zones and spinning reserve uncertainty as practical constraints have been taken in to account. The impacts of hot/cold start-up cost have been considered in this paper. Numerical results show a significant improvement in the solutions of a cost-based unit commitment in comparison with the other studies. Copyright © 2009 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved
Keywords: Unit commitment, Spinning reserve uncertainty, Economic dispatch, Generation scheduling, Prohibited zone.
Vol. 4. n. 3, pp. 434-440
Abstract - The main goal of this paper is to obtain the optimal Distributed Generation (DG) investments as well as purchase additional power from Transmission Companies (TRANSCOs). To do this, a new mathematical modeling and a new software package interfacing between the two powerful softwares MATLAB and GAMS are used. The proposed model optimizes total system planning costs and consequently costumers’ bills, reduces total system losses, guaranties system voltage profiles and prevents feeders’ congestion. This new model and software package have been executed in two different cases depending if system voltage profiles are in their permissible margin or not; in each case, three different scenarios are studied, depending on planning problem constraints. The simulation results show the economical and electrical benefits of DG installation by solving the distribution system planning problem and by improving power quality of the distribution system. It is illustrated that DG installation also can increase the main feeders’ lifetime by reducing their loading and adds the benefit of using the existing distribution system for further load growth without the need for feeders upgrading. Copyright © 2009 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved
Keywords: Distributed Generation (DG), Distribution System Planning, Distribution Company (DISCO), Transmission Company (TRANSCO), GAMS-MATLAB interface.
Vol. 4. n. 3, pp. 441-446
Abstract - In this paper dynamic analysis of switched reluctance motor (SRM) at startup, loading and remove loads based on surface current method (SCM) is proposed. Using combination of time stepping method and SCM in case of saturation, surface currents on the boundaries for dynamic analysis will be depending on time and rotor position. Simulation results are compared with Finite Element Method (FEM). Copyright © 2009 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved
Keywords: Dynamic analysis, Surface Current Method, FEM, SRM and saturation.
Vol. 4. n. 3, pp. 447-460
Abstract - Developed speed crane control system which is based on a wound AC motor is an advanced system for heavy duty tasks especially in the field of industrial cranes and other heavy duty material handling systems. In order to avoid problems with a mechanical feedback device (coupling, vibration, no space for build in, etc.), actual speed information is calculated from a rotor voltage frequency estimation unit. The controller is developed as a modular system capable to deal with control, communication, protection and other specific industrial demands. It is a multiprocessor system in stand-alone version realized with microcontroller MC68332 (application program running), two SAB 82532 microcontrollers (distributing control system), two MC68302 (process I/O communication) and two DSP ADMC300 (speed and electromagnetic torque estimation). Speed and torque estimation algorithms are realized on the separate hardware modules and integrated with other components in the control system via fast communication link. Investigation of sensorless speed and torque control as well as fully automatic control of the rotor resistor switching, was the crucial point in the design process of a new industrial drive controller aimed mostly for the revitalization of industrial cranes. Performance of the speed and torque sensorless crane controller is evaluated on the laboratory testbed and in different real industrial environment. Copyright © 2009 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved
Keywords: Crane control, Revitalization, Rotor frequency measurement, Speed estimation, Torque estimation, Wound AC motor.
Vol. 4. n. 3, pp. 461-469
Abstract - In this paper, an RST-type numerical control strategy combined to a PI regulator of a vector PWM inverter fed permanent magnet synchronous servo-motor is proposed. The paper includes a theoretical study, a simulation work as well as an experimental implementation. Copyright © 2009 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved
Keywords: PMSM, RST Control, Vector control, PWM.
Vol. 4. n. 3, pp. 470-476
Abstract - Insulation faults are one of the main causes of transformer failure and are often preceded by partial discharges (PD), and therefore its detection and assessment has become an important method to measure the insulating condition of transformer. Because of high frequency nature of PD phenomenon, an accurate model for this range of frequency is needed. In this paper, in order to detect the location of the PD, the propagation of discharge signals in the windings of a transformer has been investigated. The model of the transformer winding used in this study is a distributed line model based on Multi-conductor Transmission Line (MTL) theory and all the essential parameters of this model are obtained using finite element method (FEM). The obtained results show that there is a rational relationship between the actual PD signals and the detected PD signals in the terminals. By extracting a pattern of this relationship via analysis of the detected signals, the exact location of the partial discharge source has been acquired by a new method. To validate the proposed method, a typical transformer winding has been tested. Experimental results show that this method is exact and robust. Copyright © 2009 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved
Keywords: PD propagation and localization, Transformer Winding, MTL Model, FE Method, Transfer Function, Time Domain Signals.
by S. Asghar Gholamian, M. Ardebili. K. Abbaszadeh Vol. 4. n. 3, pp. 477-484
Abstract - Double-sided axial flux PM motors (AFPM) are the most promising and widely used types. There are two topologies for slotted double-sided AFPM motors. Selecting an AFPM motors with high power density is an important parameter in applications. In this paper, the sizing equations of axial flux slotted one-stator-two-rotor (TORUS) and two-stator-one-rotor (AFIR) type PM motors is presented and comparison of the TORUS and AFIR topologies in terms of power density is illustrated. Field analyses of both Topologies of slotted motors are investigated using Finite Element method (FEM) software. In the following, a high power density double-sided AFPM motor is introduced in the paper. Finally, it presents the resultant back emf waveform and current for a 1.0 kW, 48 V, 50 Hz, 4-poles/15-slots TORUS slotted axial motor prototype, based on comparisons. Copyright © 2009 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved
Keywords: : Axial Flux, PM Motor, Power Density and Finite Element method (FEM).
by Navid R. Abjadi, Jafar Soltani, Gholamreza Arab Markadeh, Seyed M. Ahmadi Vol. 4. n. 3, pp. 485-494
Abstract - In this paper, a sliding-mode feedback linearization (SMFL) control system is designed for a six-phase series-connected induction motor (IM) drive. A simple new speed estimator is proposed which is used to estimate each IM speeds without using voltage sensors. To compensate the voltage drops in series connection, additional terms are considered in controllers, flux observers and speed estimators. Experimental results are presented to confirm the effectiveness of the technique. Copyright © 2009 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved
Keywords: Multiphase systems, Feedback linearization, Sliding mode control.
Vol. 4. n. 3, pp. 495-500
Abstract - The traditional electrical welding machine has several disadvantages. For example, the efficiency of its transformer is not high, its volume weight is too much, and its output current cannot be controlled well. This paper proposes an electrical welding machine controlled by the digital current. It uses the technique of switching power supply and one chip microprocessor to control the output current. At last, the results show that this electrical welding machine’s maximum average output current is 70A, its maximum average output power is 2.1KW, and the efficiency can attain 90%. In addition, the results indicate that the microprocessor can be used to more accurately control the quantity of the output current. After the practical test and verification, this system can be applied in electrical welding processing. Compared with the traditional electrical welding machine, this machine, which has been mended and improved, has the advantages of being light and being highly efficient. Copyright © 2009 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved
Keywords: : Electrical Welding Machine, Microprocessor.
Vol. 4. n. 3, pp. 501-508
Abstract - This paper presents a sensorless DSVM-DTC of an induction motor that propels an electrical vehicle or a hybrid one. The drive uses an adaptive flux observer for speed estimation and a discrete space vector modulation direct torque control (DSVM-DTC) technique for torque and stator flux control. The adaptive flux observer uses a mechanical model to improve the behavior during speed transients. The estimated stator flux of the adaptive observer is used in the DSVM-DTC method to provide fast torque response combined with torque ripple free operation over the whole speed range. The sensorless drive system is capable of working from very low speed to high speed and exhibits good dynamic and steady-state performance. The combination of the adaptive observer and DSVM-DTC are quite effective in reducing the switching loss and torque ripples of the motor, as demonstrated in experimental results. Copyright © 2009 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved
Keywords: Electric vehicle (EV), induction motor, Discrete Space Vector Modulation Direct Torque Control (DSVM-DTC), adaptive observer.
Vol. 4. n. 3, pp. 509-511
Abstract - The aim of this paper is to determine electric and physical properties from 2D modeling of glow discharge at low pressure in continuous regime maintained by constant source. This electric discharge is confined in reactor plan-parallel geometry. This reactor is filled by Argon monatomic gas. Our continuum model is a self consistent two order physical model. It is composed by the first three moments of the Boltzmann's equations coupled with Poisson's equation. These transport equations are discretized by the finite volume method. The equations system is solved for the first time in electrical discharge field by a new technique, it is about the N-BEE explicit scheme using the time splitting method. Copyright © 2009 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved
Keywords: Glow discharge, constant term source, first three moments of Boltzmann's equations, Poisson's equation, N-BEE scheme, time splitting method.
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