Latest issue - Internationial Review of Electrical Engineering (IREE)

Home>Products>Journal and Reviews>I.RE.M.E.>Latest issue

International Review of Mechanical Engineering - May 2007 - Papers

Possibilities of Exact Grinding of Conical and Globoid Worms, by L. Dudás
Characterization and Experimental Validation of the Dynamic Behavior of the Structure Support of an Industrial Turbo-alternator, by S. Souey, B. Hadj Sassi, H. Campagna
Optimum Dynamic Performance of a Tank-Vehicle, by D. V. Koulocheris
Some Explicit Beam, Plate and Shell Finite Elements, by L. Teneketzis Tenek
Optimization of the Conditions of Machining Based on a Criterion Combined by Genetic Algorithms, by D. Djari, M. Assas, M. Djenane, A. Belkacem Bouzida, H. Mazouz
Cutting Speed Optimization in High Speed Turning, by S. Gara, W. Bouzid, M. Hbaieb, M. Ben Amar
Wear Study of Cast Metal-on-Metal Bearing in Total Hip Prosthesis, by R. Ihaddadene, S. Affatato, M. Zavalloni, S. Bouzid, M. Viceconti
In Optimizing CBN 7050 Lifetime During Hard Turning, by S. Benchiheub, L. Boulanouar
Study of SnO₂ Thin Film Deposited on Soda-lime Glass Using the Spray Pyrolysis Coating Method, by T. Mahdaoui, N. Bouaouadja, M. Hamidouche, J. Simons, F. Petit
Mechanical and Tribological Characterization of a Composite Ceramics Al₂O₃-ZrO₂-3Al₂O₃+2SiO₂, by L. Ain Souya, Y. Berriche, F. Gheldane, S. Louidi, Z. Zouaghi, M. Labidi
Corelation Between Aluminum Alloys Oxidation and Chamber Geometry of the Heat Treatment Equipment, by A. A. Minea
Study of a Thermal Ionization Source for a Cs+ Ion Probe: Modeling and Simulations Towards an Optimization of the Design, by M. Lazard, T. Wirtz, P. Corvisier, H.-N. Migeon
Effect of the Thermomechanical Treatment on the Springback During a Forming, by E. H. Ouakdi, A. Soualem, T. Rechidi, M. Martiny, G. Ferron
Two Dimensional Simulation of Incompressible Fluid Flow Using Lattice Boltzmann Method, by S. Houat, A. Youcefi
Modulation of the Rotor-Stator Interactions due to Clocking, by G. Paniagua, G. Persico, N. Billiard, R. Dénos
Finite Volume Analysis of a Wire-on-Tube Heat Exchanger Used for Cooling of Electronics, by S. Boulahrouz, A. Haddouche
Acoustic Radiation Through Double Sandwich Panels System, by M. Abdennadher, L. Hammami, M. Haddar
Smoke Prediction for Turbocharged DI Diesel Engine During Free Acceleration, by D. B. Hulwan, S. V. Joshi, Y. V. Aghav

International Review of Mechanical Engineering - Papers

Possibilities of Exact Grinding of Conical and Globoid Worms
by L. Dudás

Abstract - There is a demand in the machine industry and especially in the production of gearing elements for high precision and exact geometry. These requirements may be achieved using grinding in the finishing process. The grinding of these complicated 3D surfaces needs a special grinding machine and unique technology. This article introduces a special patented worm grinder machine construction and related technology that resolves the problem of geometrically exact grinding of conical and globoid worms. The new method proposed here applies a special grinding wheel having the same number of threads as the worm has. The novelty of this machine lies in the special grinding wheel that is not surface of revolution form, because the working surface of the wheel is generated as a conjugate surface pair of the worm.

Keywords: Conical worms, globoid worms, grinding, grinding machine construction.

Characterization and Experimental Validation of the Dynamic Behavior of the Structure Support of an Industrial Turbo-alternator
by S. Souey, B. Hadj Sassi, H. Campagna

Abstract - The complexity of the revolving machines met in industry and in particular the turbo shaft engines, do that dynamic behavior of these machines in their operation environment could be far from the forecasts if the model were not sufficiently predictive or those certain mechanical characteristics or of the environmental conditions changed in the course of exploitation. It is the case suggested in this paper. It is about reinforced a concrete table resting on gantries through viscous elastic supports. This table supports a revolving machine on which a phenomenon of abnormal vibrations appeared in time. In order to characterize the real dynamic behavior of this machine and its carrying structure, a global solution based on an experimental analysis brought closer with a modelling and a numerical calculation was proposed. For that, vibratory series of measurements on site were carried out, interpreted and compared. For this purpose, a model by readjusted finite elements compared to the experimental results was presented. The interpretation of the results obtained (frequencies and critical modes, modal deformations, dynamic responses…) allowed to decide as for the mechanical resistance of the structure carrying the machine in its current state and to identify the origin of these excessive vibrations.

Keywords: Stress, vibrations, models, modal analysis, eigen frequencies, deformed modal, critical modes, damping, resonance, dynamic response.

Optimum Dynamic Performance of a Tank-Vehicle

by D. V. Koulocheris

Abstract - This study attempts to optimize the performance of a triaxial fixed-tank vehicle, with respect to its vertical and lateral performance. For the vertical dynamics of the vehicle a linear full-car model with twelve degrees of freedom (DOF) is implemented, while its lateral description is determined according to international regulations. The corresponding stiffness and damping characteristics of tank’s supports are optimized simultaneously with the relative characteristics of vehicle’s suspensions, such that the maximum vertical and lateral accelerations are optimized, taking under consideration all the design limitations, as well as the geometrical constraints of the vehicle. For the optimization procedure the Complex method is used.

Keywords: Tank-vehicle, full-car model, ECE Regulation No. 111, optimization.

Some Explicit Beam, Plate and Shell Finite Elements

by L. Teneketzis Tenek

Abstract - The present article presents some new beam, plate and shell finite elements based on explicit theory. The new elements are considered further developments of the Natural-Mode Method [7]. We start from basic concepts of strain energy and based on concepts of modes or interpolations we provide a five matrix transformation on which the elemental stiffness matrix is based. Subquently, beam, plate and shell finite elements are described. New features include the introduction of sinus shape functions and surfaces. Some of the elements can be considered expressions of Fourier series. Explicit elemental matrices are developed and all integrations are in close form. The theory is suited for efficient and fast computer implementation. Numerical examples are provided.

Keywords: Explicit finite elements, modes, strain energy, sinus shape functions, sinusoidal surface, computing.

Optimization of the Conditions of Machining Based on a Criterion Combined by Genetic Algorithms

by D. Djari, M. Assas, M. Djenane, A. Belkacem Bouzida, H. Mazouz

Abstract - In metal cutting processes, cutting conditions have an influence on reducing the production cost and time and deciding the quality of a final product. This paper deals with the multiple- objective optimization of machining conditions problem in order to optimize the time and production cost simultaneously. This method consist essentially of improving previous methods by introducing the Pareto technique for solving the multiple-objective optimization problem using Genetic Algorithm. This method has been used for single pass turning. A comparison between results obtained by the proposed approach and those obtained with the gradient and the simplex methods was carried out.

Keywords: Optimization, Optimization of cutting parameters, Multicriterion Optimization, Genetics algorithms.

Cutting Speed Optimization in High Speed Turning
by S. Gara, W. Bouzid, M. Hbaieb, M. Ben Amar

Abstract - In this paper, two optimization methods of determination optimal and economical speeds are presented: a graphical and an analytical one. Coefficients of Taylor, roughness and tangential cutting force models have been extracted from an experimental study. The later takes into accout a turning operation of an AISI 4340 steel bar with two carbide inserts named “A1” and “A2” with tungsten covered by a couch of TiN, Al2O3 and TiCN, one carbide insert named “B” with tungsten doubly-covered CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) with Al2O3 and TiN and one ceramic named “C” with Al2O3 and TiCN. The constraints taked into account in this work have been maximum power of the lathe, admissible values of spindle speeds described on the machine and workpiece dimensions. The results of the two methods have been similar. The analytical method has been automated in a Visual-Basic application which permit to give time, production cost of workpiece, optimal, economical, admissible, maximum speeds and also used speed and feed considering operator intentions (cutting at short time or with less cost) with an imposed roughness.

Keywords: Constraints, High speed turning, Optimization, Production cost, Production time.

Wear Study of Cast Metal-on-Metal Bearing in Total Hip Prosthesis

by R. Ihaddadene, S. Affatato, M. Zavalloni, S. Bouzid, M. Viceconti

Abstract - Interest on Metal-on-Metal hip prosthesis has been revived in hip Arthroplasty because of their potential improving the wear performance compared to the conventional metal-on-Polyethylene implants. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the wear behaviour of cups and heads, to analyze the effects of clearance on the total volumetric wear and to analyze the articulating surfaces roughness. Implants of 32 x 10^-3m in diameter were manufactured using cast Co-Cr alloys with high carbon content. Testing was performed in hip joint simulator using bovine calf serum as lubricant. Roughness measurements of the articulating surfaces were taken before and after the wear test of 2x10⁶ cycles. Two wear phases were perceptible for all cups and heads; a run-in phase up to 1x 10⁶ cycles with high wear rate, and a lower steady state wear phase. The cups and heads have the same wear rate in the steady state period. No correlation was found between total wear and clearance. Roughness surface results showed that the wear takes place in the plans 2(54°) and 3(81°) for the heads, in the plans 1(27°) and 2(45°) for the cups.

Keywords: Clearance, Cobalt-chromium alloy, Metal-on-metal, Surface roughness, Wear.

In Optimizing CBN 7050 Lifetime During Hard Turning

by S. Benchiheub, L. Boulanouar

Abstract - The purpose of this study is optimization of the behaviour to the wear of the cubic boron nitride (CBN 7050) at the time of the turning of the bearing steel 100 soaked Cr6. Initially tests were carried out according to the method of planning of the experiments with an aim of evaluating the influence of the elements of mode of cut on this behaviour. A mathematical model validated by the criterion of Fisher, expressing the relation between the wear and the elements of mode of cut was proposed in a second place. The experimental results show that the best held was obtained for the cutting speed average Vc = 120 m/mn and that the cutting speed is the most influential factor. The method of optimization used of the greatest slope (Steepest descent) allowed to sort out an optimized cutting speed value (Vc=62m/mn, fairely good enough for numerically controlled machine applications.

Keywords: CBN, Complete factorial design, Fisher, Life time, Steepest descent.

Study of SnO₂ Thin Film Deposited on Soda-lime Glass Using the Spray Pyrolysis Coating Method
by T. Mahdaoui, N. Bouaouadja, M. Hamidouche, J. Simons, F. Petit

Abstract - In this work, we present the influence of the substrate temperature on the optical and mechanical properties of tin oxide thin film deposited on soda-lime glass by using the spray pyrolysis method. The film is deposited at various substrate temperatures ranging from 300 to 500° C using steps of 50° C. The structure of the film is investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that at 300° C the film presents an amorphous structure. While at higher substrate temperatures, the structure becomes polycrystalline with preferential growth direction (200). The formation of tin dioxide (SnO2) is achieved at 500° C. Besides, the variation of the transmittance in function of the wavelength in the region (300–850 nm) shows a wavy behavior between 300 and 500 nm and then a tendency towards a constant level. The transmittance level varies with the substrate temperature. It passes from 75% at 300° C to 91% at 500° C. The samples are also mechanically characterized by using Vickers indentation technique which allows to obtain the hardness and the fracture toughness (KIC). The results show that the hardness variation decreases linearly in function of the applied load in the used loading range (0.2 – 1.6 N). The lines level increases with the substrate temperature. The hardness passes from 5.4 GPa for the as received state to approximately 7 GPa for samples treated at 500° C. The fracture toughness decreases linearly in function of the applied load. The KIC variation lines for different temperature tend towards the same value (0.77 MPa√m) at P = 1.6 N.

Keywords: Tin oxide, thin film, Spray pyrolysis, transmittance, mechanical properties.

Mechanical and Tribological Characterization of a Composite Ceramics Al₂O₃-ZrO₂-3Al₂O₃+2SiO₂
by L. Ain Souya, Y. Berriche, F. Gheldane, S. Louidi, Z. Zouaghi, M. Labidi

Abstract - Broadly, the mechanical characteristics of ceramic materials can be improved either by a better control of the process of development, or by the implementation of composites. In the first case the mechanical resistance is increased by reduction in the size of the critical defect, in the second the improvement obtained is expressed especially in term of tenacity. I chose in this work to study the reinforcement of alumina according to the use by specific additions. For study the mechanical behavior of my samples, the hardness tests combined with measurements of tenacity were realized by the technique of Vickers indentation. The results show that the mechanical properties of alumina pure at ambient temperature can be optimized (particularly tenacity), according to the use, by specific additions which led to an improvement of the basic microstructure obtained in particular by a reduction in porosity and a better structural homogeneity. In the second part of my study, I evaluated the wear resistance of our samples. The tests of friction and wear are carried out on a polishing machine under the same conditions. I showed during this work that the incorporation of the particles dispersed such as mullite and zirconia carries a significant improvement of the wear resistance of alumina. It highlights the need for controlling the microstructure and for improving the mechanical properties of ceramics, to optimize the wear resistance by abrasion.

Keywords: Alumina, Composite, Friction, Mechanical Properties, Wear.

Corelation Between Aluminum Alloys Oxidation and Chamber Geometry of the Heat Treatment Equipment
by A. A. Minea

Abstract - In order to increase the resistance of aluminium alloys a complex heat treatmentis usually performed. Therefore, we must consider the reactions between aluminium alloys and furnace atmosphera. These atmospheres contain oxygene and nytrogene. Aluminium is an active element, therefore the oxidation is a very fast one. From the experiments made, the oxidation kinetics of aluminum alloys proves to depend on many factors, such as: temperature, alloy activity, chemical saturation and partial pressure of oxygen in gaseous phase. Oxidation is characterized by kinetic equations of reaction rate. For a heat treatment process, the oxidation time became heating time. The furnace design provides to minimize the losses by untights and to realise a uniform air stream in the furnace chamber. These facts are going to minimise the oxide layer of the treated parts. For the studied furnace, used at aluminum alloys heat treating, the functioning curves were first made. It must be mentioned that all experiments were made in different days, in order to assure the same pre-heating conditions for the equipment. As a conclusion, modifying the heat chamber geometry is a step forward to a new concept of heat treatment furnaces. This idea leads to important economical effects, on a long term, for a constant development of the industry.

Keywords: Aluminum, Oxidation, Temperature.

Study of a Thermal Ionization Source for a Cs+ Ion Probe: Modeling and Simulations Towards an Optimization of the Design
by M. Lazard, T. Wirtz, P. Corvisier, H.-N. Migeon

Abstract - Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) is the most sensitive of all the commonly employed surface analytical techniques because of its inherent sensitivity associated with mass spectrometric based techniques. In order to better understand the limitations of a cesium ion source used in SIMS, thermal simulations are performed. The influence of the heating by electron bombardment on the ionizer and on the reservoir is investigated. The ionizer reveals not to be the only hot spot on the source and thus not the only origin of Cs+ ions. For each configuration, the resulting temperature field is calculated.

Keywords: Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS), numerical simulations, heat transfer.

Effect of the Thermomechanical Treatment on the Springback During a Forming
by E. H. Ouakdi, A. Soualem, T. Rechidi, M. Martiny, G. Ferron

Abstract - The main object of this work was to show the influence of work hardening, recrystallization and précipitation on the springback. At the same time, we highlighted the influence of the grain size and radius of curvature of the die. We also showed the role of lubrication in the reduction of the springback. The tests were carried out on mild steel and A1050 aluminum. The steel specimens underwent a rolling operation followed by a recrystallization treatment at 650˚C for 1 and 7 hour. Aluminum underwent a strain hardening treatment and precipitation treatment. The tests were ensured by adapting a U-type stretching-bending device on a tensile testing machine, where we studied and quantified the variation of the springback according to displacement for various conditions of thermomechanical treatments.

Keywords: springback, forming, grain, deformation, precipitation, recrystallization.

Two Dimensional Simulation of Incompressible Fluid Flow Using Lattice Boltzmann Method
by S. Houat, A. Youcefi

Abstract - We present the mains of the new method of modeling and simulation lattice Boltzmann methods for fluid flows. Showing some comparisons between classical computations in fluid mechanics based on the resolution of the Navier-Stokes equations and this method. The two dimensional square lattice model with 9 velocities (d2q9) and a simple relaxation time are presented and applied to simulate a laminar flow over backward facing step. The results obtained are in good agreement with those published in the literature.

Keywords: CFD, Lattice Boltzmann Method, Incompressible Fluid Flow.

Modulation of the Rotor-Stator Interactions due to Clocking
by G. Paniagua, G. Persico, N. Billiard, R. Dénos

Abstract - The effect of stator-stator clocking on the unsteady rotor-stator interaction has been investigated under engine representative conditions, Re₂ =1.2x10⁶ and M₂ =1.06. The experimental data comprises unsteady static pressure measurements on the rotor blade and second stator vane. The unsteady total pressure downstream of the rotor and the second stator was monitored using a twin-head fast response probe. The rotor outlet flow field undergoes periodic supersonic conditions. The clocking modifies the instantaneous rotor outlet Mach number, altering the periodic rotor static pressure fluctuations. Phase-phase diagrams of the unsteady total pressure are used to show the persistence of the first stator signature downstream of the rotor. These stator related non-uniformities were also analyzed along the span indicating zones of turbulent mixing, where the random component predominates over the periodic one. On the second stator the cross-correlation of the unsteady static pressure allowed to determine the propagation of the perturbations along the airfoil.

Keywords: Clocking, High frequency instrumentation, Turbines, Turbomachinery, Unsteady flows.

Finite Volume Analysis of a Wire-on-Tube Heat Exchanger Used for Cooling of Electronics
by S. Boulahrouz, A. Haddouche

Abstract - In this article, a numerical analysis of the performance of a wire-on-tube heat exchanger used as external condenser in a closed tow phase loop thermosyphon is presented. This loop is used for cooling an electronic package. During the condensation the dielectric vapor leaving the evaporator flows through the tube of the heat exchanger. The heat transfer takes place from the outer surfaces of the condenser to external environment by free or forced convection. The finite volume method is used in the thermal analysis; the dielectric fluids used are FC-72 and PF-5060. The effects of the nature of the fluid and the operating conditions like ambient temperature, masse flow rate of the fluid, the nature of convection and the power dissipated by the electronic component on the performance of the heat exchanger have been discussed. This study is a design tool which can helps in determining the length of the tube required for a complete phase change and to predict the quality of the fluid leaving the heat exchanger under different operating conditions.

Keywords: Electronic Cooling, Free convection, Forced convection, Finite volume method, Wire on-tube heat exchangers.

Acoustic Radiation Through Double Sandwich Panels System
by M. Abdennadher, L. Hammami, M. Haddar

Abstract - The study of acoustic radiation through a double laminated plates system requires the modelling of dynamic behaviour of laminated plates, joint, fluid cavity, external fluids and fluid structure interaction. A mixed method based on variational formulation for the fluid cavity and panels in terms of displacements for the structure and pressure for the fluid and by integral equations formulation for the external fluids is developed. The associated energy functional is derived. Its discretization by finite element method leads to dynamic system equation. The dynamic response of the system is established by modal approach. Numerical results show a decrease of acoustic radiation through a double sandwich panels compared to a simple panel results.

Keywords: Sandwich panel, acoustic radiation, damping modal, Loss factor.

Smoke Prediction for Turbocharged DI Diesel Engine During Free Acceleration
by D. B. Hulwan, S. V. Joshi, Y. V. Aghav

Abstract - Direct Injection types of diesel engines are becoming popular because of their fuel economy as well as low exhaust emissions. However, they emit higher amount of visible exhaust termed as smoke. A turbocharged diesel engine was selected for investigation purpose during this work to study its peculiar smoke behavior during steady state and transient operation. Experimental study was carried out to collect performance and combustion related data. One dimensional simulation model was setup and validated for steady state operation. The same model was further used to predict the transient behavior of the engine. A methodology was established for carrying out transient simulation using one-dimensional modeling. Effect of various fuel injection and combustion parameters on transient behavior was studied. The experimental study and simulation work showed that the turbocharged engine emitted higher smoke during transient condition as compared to steady state. The main reason was attributed to lower air-fuel ratio. It was also observed that the control on fuel flow during transient operation is important to reduce smoke.

Keywords: Free acceleration, turbocharged diesel engine, smoke, simulation, and transient conditions.

International Review of Mechanical Engineering - May 2007 - Papers

Optimum Dynamic Performance of a Tank-Vehicle

Please send any questions about this web site to info@praiseworthyprize.com

- Copyright © 2005-2012 Praise Worthy Prize -