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International Review
of PHYSICS - Papers
Physics with
Photons of Non-Zero Rest Mass
by C. Marchal
Vol.
3 n. 1, pp.
1-10
Abstract - This
study is done under the following assumptions : A) The results presented
in the two relativistic works of Henri Poincaré “Sur la dynamique de
l’électron” are true. B) the “second principle” of Einstein, the
constancy of the velocity of light, in “Zür Elektrodynamik der bewegten
Körper” , is not necessarily true and the photons can have an extremely
small but non-zero rest mass mo .
Of course all photons will be considered as identical, an already common
assumption for electrons, for protons and for all particles.
The results are simple and lead to a small modification of Maxwell
equations for the propagation of electromagnetic fields.
The solutions can be developed and lead to possibilities of
verifications and of measures of the rest mass mo either by astronomical
observations or by astronautical experiments. They lead also to new
cosmological perspectives.
Copyright © 2009 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. -
All rights reserved
Keywords:
Cosmology, Electromagnetic waves, Photons, Rest mass.
Transfers
of Electromagnetic Energy in Homogeneous Plasma
by N. G. Sabri, T.
Benouaz, A. Cheknane
Vol.
3 n. 1, pp.
11-15
Abstract - Transfers
of energy during the propagation of an electromagnetic wave in
homogeneous and stationary plasma are described by the instantaneous
Poynting theorem, using Maxwell equations. A plasma being a complex
middle to describe; thus it will be necessary to work on meanly
quantities. The energy of the wave carried by the movement of particles
is represented by the kinetic flux.
Copyright © 2009 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. -
All rights reserved
Keywords:
Transfer, Energy, Electromagnetic, Plasma, Poyting.
Vol.
3 n. 1, pp.
16-20
Abstract
-
In this article, an explanation of quantum teleportation using the Bohm
approach will be presented. We will use a notion of information that is
active, passive as well as inactive. The Copenhagen interpretation and
the standard quantum theory are unable to provide an explanation of
quantum teleportation. In this paper we also suggests the need to
develop the notion further by linking it to Bohm’s notions of the
implicate and explicate orders. We will discuss an underlying physical
process although not directly observable has observable consequences.
Furthermore, this approach demonstrates why classical information is
needed at the final stages of measurement that produces quantum
teleportation.
Copyright © 2009 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. -
All rights reserved
Keywords:
Quantum teleportation, Bohm theory, Unfold & Enfold, The implicate
& explicate order.
Vol.
3 n. 1, pp.
21-26
Abstract
-
A Monte Carlo method has been developed for the study
of electron transport properties in ZnO taking into account the
electron-plasmon scattering effect. It is shown that electron-plasmon
scattering affects substantially the hot-electron energy distribution
function and transport properties in bulk ZnO. The following scattering
mechanisims, i.e, impurity, polar optical phonon, acoustic phonon,
piezoelectric are also included in the calculation. Ionized impurity
scattering has been treated beyound the Born approximation using the
phase-shift analysis.
Copyright © 2009 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. -
All rights reserved
Keywords:
Electron-plasmon, Hot-electron, Acoustic phonon, Ionized
impurity.
Vol.
3 n. 1, pp.
27-33
Abstract
-
In this work, for a polycrystalline silicon solar PN
junction, the recombination current density in grain boundary is
theoretically investigated.
Our analysis is carried out using front and rear passivation layers. N
rich silicon nitride wafers are considered as a front passivation films,
this new material has led to a significant enhancement of the conversion
efficiency. In addition, we propose a functioning modeling of the rear
passivation solar cell. The thin thermal oxide/Silicon nitride/PECVD
Silicon oxide rear passivation contact is chosen for its superior
optical quality (Internal reflection) and its good electrical properties
(Recombination surface velocity).
The objective of this present paper is to understand the recombination
processes and this is carried out with the calculation of current
density through grain boundary. The aim of this work is the evaluation
of the optimal surface recombination velocity at grain boundary which
permits to obtain a good improvement of the conversion efficiency.
Copyright © 2009 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. -
All rights reserved
Keywords:
Polysilicon, Silicon nitride, Grain boundary, Conversion
efficiency.
Performance of a Solar Still Integrated in a Greenhouse Roof
by L. Ben Snoussi, R.
Chouikh, S. Kooli, A. Guizani
Vol.
3 n. 1, pp.
34-43
Abstract - We are
interested to the natural convection flow resulting from the combined
buoyancy effects of thermal and mass diffusion in an inclined cavity.
The first part of the study was set up to predict the fresh water
production by resolving a set of energy balance equation including the
top glass cover, the brackish water and the absorber layer. The
influence of parameters such as inlet water temperature, water flow rate
and climate conditions was investigated. The second part deals with the
problem in a Cartesian coordinate system involves the use of a
control-volume based finite element method (CVFEM) and solves the full
vorticity transport equation together with the stream function,
concentration and energy equations. The predicted stream function
patterns, isoconcentration and isotherms are presented for different
Rayleigh numbers. The results were compared with the available data and
the agreement is satisfactory.
Copyright © 2009 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. -
All rights reserved
Keywords:
Heat and mass transfers, CVFEM, Thermal network model, Water
production.
Assessment of Seismic Vulnerability of Urban Buildings in Morocco
by Abdallah EL Hammoumi,
Aomar Iben Brahim, Abdelouhad Birouk, El Arbi Toto, Azelarab EL
Mouraouah, Mohamed Kerroum, Kamal Gueraoui, Mohamed Kasmi
Vol.
3 n. 1, pp.
44-48
Abstract - This
study has the aim of assessing the seismic vulnerability of
constructions in urban areas in Morocco. For this purpose, we use
statistics of a survey on the buildings stock in Morocco that was
implemented in the year 2000 by the Housing Observatory of the Real
Estate Promotion Direction of the State Secretariat of Housing (HOREPD,
enquête-2000). These statistics helped define the different types of
housing, and their structures. This information, along with
past-earthquakes observed damages allowed us to rank the different
buildings into vulnerability classes. For the different types of
constructions, we find four vulnerability classes, from class A to D. We
then use a semi-empirical method for the computation of the buildings
vulnerability index and fragility curves for the different vulnerability
classes. We use these fragility curves to simulate the consequences of a
seismic intensity IX on the different vulnerability classes. It turns
out that the consequences would be catastrophic for class A and would
have very little effect on class D buildings.
Copyright © 2009 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. -
All rights reserved
Keywords:
Seismic vulnerability assessment, Urban area, Morocco, LM-1
method, Vulnerability index, Fragility curves.
Effect
of Sustained Seven Gravitational Forces at End Diastole Phase of the
Human Heart: Part I Experimental Evaluation of Myocardium and
Mathematical Modeling
by Hamid Ghaemi,
Kamran. Behdinan
Vol.
3 n. 1, pp.
49-58
Abstract - The
stress-stain relationships of tissues are pseudo-elastic. Here we assume
myocardium is hyperelastic and define their mechanical behavior based on
the aforementioned assumption. In the work that follows, the retrieval
and preparation of myocardium is briefly explained. Then the
experimental result from various test protocols on bovine myocardium is
provided and explained. Experimental test were performed on specimens
taken from: left ventricle free wall (LVFW), right ventricle free wall (RVFW),
left ventricle mid wall (LVMW) and Apex. Finally, a transversely
isotropic material model is proposed to predict the mechanical response
of inactive myocardium. This is a two-part paper as such only
experimental data and constitutive relations are explained here. The
application of finite element method and computer simulation of high
sustained gravitational force on human heart is explained in part two of
the manuscript.
Copyright © 2009 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. -
All rights reserved
Keywords:
Myocardium, Soft tissue Elasticity, Gravitational Forces,
Constitutive Relationship.
Effect
of Sustained Seven Gravitational Forces at End Diastole Phase of the
Human Heart: Part II Finite Element Modeling and Application
by Hamid Ghaemi,
Kamran Behdinan
Vol.
3 n. 1, pp.
59-67
Abstract - A pseudo-elastic constitutive
equation describing the mechanical properties of bovine myocardium was
developed. The myocardium was modeled as a transversely isotropic
material with a nonlinear strain-stress relationship in part one of this
manuscript. In this investigation, the derivation of stiffness matrix
based on stretch ratio is explained. The predictive capability of
proposed model within FE method is studied and outlined. An actual size
model of human heart, pericardium and abdominal diaphragm was
constructed. The effects of anti G suit and anti G breathing maneuver
were implemented as series of boundary condition. The FE simulation of
effect of high sustained positive G (+G) on human heart at end diastole
was performed and the results were presented. Finally, a conclusion
based on the FE result was made.
Copyright © 2009 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. -
All rights reserved
Keywords:
Finite Element, Myocardium, High G forces, Bio-membrane theory.
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