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International Review
of PHYSICS - Papers
Vol.
4. n. 1, pp. 1-6
Abstract
-
A model of the electron has been elaborated from an
earlier revised quantum electrodynamic theory, being based on a nonzero
electric field divergence in the vacuum state. In terms of an
alternative renormalization process, and in support of an improved
numerical iteration scheme, the fundamental measured properties of the
electron have been reproduced by the theory. The electronic charge,
magnetic moment, mass, and angular momentum are thus deduced under
relevant quantum conditions. This process appears not only to apply to
the electron, but also to the myon and tauon. The results have been
obtained from an appropriate choice of only two single counter-factors
which appear in the present alternative renormalization process. The
latter eliminates the problem of an infinite self-energy. It could
possibly also provide an option to the Higgs mechanism, and to string
theory.
Copyright © 2010 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. -
All rights reserved
Keywords:
Electromagnetic Field Theory, Vacuum State, Quantum
Electrodynamics, Renormalization, Electron Charge and Mass.
 A
First-Integral Solution for Einstein Gravity in a Spin-Connection Gravitational
Gauge Theory
by Jian Qi Shen
Vol. 4. n. 1, pp. 7-19
Abstract - A new
spin-connection gravitational gauge theory that preserves a local
Lorentz-group gauge invariance is suggested. The gravitational
Lagrangian (gauge invariant) that is quadratic in curvature is
constructed. In order to formulate a gauge theory, where the
gravitationally coupling constant is dimensionless, we assume that the
gravitating matter has a doublet structure, i.e., the ordinary matter
field and its accompanying heavy intermediate coupling (HIC) field form
a doublet state. It is shown that the Einstein field equation appears as
a first-integral solution to the low-energy gravitational gauge field
equation of the present spin-connection gravity theory, and that the
Newtonian gravitational constant is actually a low-energy propagator of
the HIC field. In addition, the concept of Yang-Mills vielbein field is
introduced and the vielbein structure of the Yang-Mills gauge field is
revealed in order to reformulate the Yang-Mills field as a generalized
vielbein field, and hence the gravitational gauge field and the
Yang-Mills field can be incorporated in one unified vielbein
formulation. The gravitational gauge theory presented here would provide
a new insight into some important problems of cosmology and quantum
field theory such as the cosmological constant puzzle and the
unification of fundamental forces..
Copyright © 2010 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. -
All rights reserved
Keywords:
Spin-affine connection, Gravitational gauge theory, First-integral
solution, Heavy coupling field.
Vol. 4. n. 1, pp. 20-28
Abstract
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Various methods exist for observing marine mammals, each having its
advantages and drawbacks. It is possible to employ more one method
simultaneously as they are complementary. This article presents these
methods and focuses on the use of passive acoustics for marine mammal
observation. We provide specifics on the required material, the various
underwater acoustic propagation models and the software used for the
detection of sounds emitted by cetaceans. This paper presents the recent
international projects included in marine mammal observation. The
conclusion will outline perspectives on the passive acoustic methods for
whale observation.
Copyright © 2010 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. -
All rights reserved
Keywords:
Marine Mammal Observations, Passive Acoustics, Detection.
Abstract
-
The 2nd law of thermodynamics as an
equation of motion is derived from statistical physics of open systems.
It describes, by the principle of increasing entropy, systems in
evolution from one state to another, more probable one when energy flows
from high to low densities along the paths of least action, i.e.,
geodesics toward the stationary state of free energy minimum in
respective surroundings. The universal law equates changes in kinetic
energy with changes in scalar and vector potentials, as is given by
equations of basic, continuum and quantum mechanics as well as by those
of fluid, electro- and thermodynamics. The Law in its scale-independent
form gives holistic understanding of nature in motion with no
distinction between animate and inanimate.
Copyright © 2010 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. -
All rights reserved
Keywords:
Entropy, Evolution, Free energy, Probability, Statistical Physics.
Abstract
-
Recent progress in the growth and the understanding of the physics of the
semiconductor III-nitrides lead to an extension of their application
areas. These materials are very useful for the application of ternary
and quaternary alloys. They offer a wide variety of compositions varying
their electronic properties. Also, they are of great importance
especially in the optoelectronic fields, where they find a very wide
scope of applications; they are commonly used in green, blue and
ultraviolet LEDs as well as laser diodes and ultraviolet detectors.
In this work, we are interested in studying the transport phenomenon n
the compounds, aluminium nitride (AlN), gallium nitride (GaN), and
Indium nitride (InN), in the cubic form, using the Monte Carlo
simulation method. We calculate the electrons speed as a function of
electric field for different temperatures between T=77 K up to 1000 K,
and for different electron concentrations.
Copyright © 2010 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. -
All rights reserved
Keywords:
Gallium Nitride (GaN), Aluminium Nitride (AlN), Indium Nitride (InN),
Monte Carlo, Electron Transport.
Vol. 4. n. 1, pp. 39-44
Abstract
-
We examine the interaction of short and intense femtosecond laser field
with Kr clusters contained (∼10⁷atoms). Efficient heating of the cluster
by laser is followed by rapid expansion of the cluster and leads to his
final explosion. We have used the modified nanoplasma model (by adding
tne the term of electron surface collision frequency in the expression
of the electron-ion collision frequency) for the study of the
interaction of an intense laser field with large Kr clusters, and have
found that the hydrodynamic pressure is larger than the coulomb one and
the electron energy of electrons after the pulse is passed is found of
order of 2.5keV.
Copyright © 2010 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. -
All rights reserved
Keywords:
Intense Femroseconde Laser Pulse, Metallic Clusters, Interaction
of Intense Laser with Atomic Clusters.
Oscillatory Mixed Convection Flow in a Cylindrical Container with
Rotating Disk under Axial Magnetic Field and Various Wall Electrical
Conductivity
by Fateh Mebarek-Oudina,
Rachid Bessaïh
Vol. 4. n. 1, pp. 45-51
Abstract - We
numerically study the onset of oscillatory swirling liquid metal flow in
a cylindrical container, which is subjected to a vertical temperature
gradient and an axial magnetic field. The finite volume method is used
to solve the equations of continuity, momentum, energy, and electric
potential. The computer code developed here is validated via a
comparison with experimental data founded in the literature. Stability
diagrams are established according to the numerical results of this
investigation. These diagrams highlight the dependence of the critical
Reynolds numbers Recr with the values of the Richardson Ri
and Hartmann numbers Ha. The effect of the rotating disk and the bottom
wall conductivity on the flow is also studied.
Copyright © 2010 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. -
All rights reserved
Keywords:
Mixed Convection, Oscillatory, Swirling Flow, Magnetic Field,
Critical Reynolds Number.
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